The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths
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| Algal bloom | an abundant growth of microscopic algae producing visible colonies in nature
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| Algin | a sodium salt of mannuronic acid found in brown algae
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| Amoeba | a unicellular eukaryote that moves by means of pseudopods
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| Anal pore | a site certain protozoa used for elimination of waste
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| Anamorph | ascomycete fungi that have lost the ability to reproduce sexually; the asexual stage of a fungus
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| Apicomplexa | unicellular eukaryotes that are obligate intracellular parasites, posses a special organelle at the tip of the cell.
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| Archaezoa | primitive, unicellular eukaryotes that lack mitochondria, i.e. Giardia
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| Arthrospore | an asexual fungal spore formed by fragmentation of septate hyphae
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| Ascospore | a sexual fungal spore produced in an ascus, formed by the ascomycetes
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| Ascus | a saclike structure containing ascospores found in ascomycetes
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| Asexual spore | a reproductive cell produced by mitosis and cell division (eukaryotes) or binary fission Basidiospore
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| Basidium | a pedestal that produces basidiospores found in the basidomycetes
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| Blade | a flat leaf like structure of multicellular algae
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| Blastoconidium | a asexual fungal spore produced by budding from the parent cell
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| Budding yeast | following mitosis a yeast cell that divides unevenly to produce a small cell (bud) from the parent cell
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| Chlamydospore | an asexual fungal spore formed within a hypha
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| Ciliate | a member of the protozoan phylum Ciliophora that uses cilia for locomotion
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| Coenocytic hypha | a fungal filament that is not divided into uninucleated cell like units because it lacks septa
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| Conidiophore | a aerial hypha bearing conidiospores
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| Conidiospore | an asexual spore produced in a chain from a conidiophore, also conidium
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| Conjugation | the transfer of genetic material from one cell to another involving cell to cell contact
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| Cutaneous mycosis | a fungal infection of the epidermis, nails, or hair
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| Cyst | a sac with a distinct wall containing fluid or other material; also a protective capsule of some protozoa
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| Cytoplasmic streaming | the movement of cytoplasm in a eukaryotic cell
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| Cytostome | a mouth like opening in some protozoan
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| Definitive host | an organism that harbors the adult, sexually mature form of the parasite
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| Dermatophyte | a fungus that causes a cutaneous mycosis
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| Dimorphism | the property of having two forms of growth
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| Domoic acid intoxication | diarrhea and memory loss caused by domoic acid, produced by diatoms
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| Encystment | formation of a cyst
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| Eyespot | a pigmented area in a cell capable of detecting the presence of light
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| Fission yeast | following mitosis a yeast cell that divides evenly to produce two new cells
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| Gamete | a male and female reproductive cell
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| Gametocyte | a male and female protozoan cell
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| Hemoflagellate | a parasitic flagellate found in the circulatory system of its host
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| Holdfast | the branched base of an algal stipe
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| Hypha | a long filament of cells in fungi or actinomyces
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| Intermediate host | an organism that harbors the larval or asexual stage of a helminth or protozoan
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| Karyogamy | fusion of the nuclei of two cells, occurs in the sexual stage of a fungal cell
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| Kelp | multicellular brown algae
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| Keratin | a protein found in epidermis, hair, and nails
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| Medulla | a lichen body consisting of algae (or cyanobacterial) and fungi
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| Meiosis | a eukaryotic cell replication process that results in cells with half the chromosomes number of the original cell
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| Merozoite | a trophozoite of Plasmodium found in RBC’s or liver cells
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| Microsporiodia | eukaryotic organisms that lack mitochondria and microtubules; obligate intracellular parasites
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| Mycelium | a mass of long filaments of cells that branch and intertwine typically found in molds
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| Mycology | the scientific study of fungi
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| Mycorrhiza | a fungus growing in symbiosis with plant roots
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| Mycosis | a fungal infection
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| Oocyst | an encysted Apicomplexa zygote in which cell division occurs to form the next infectious stage
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| Opportunistic pathogen | a microorganism that does not ordinarily cause disease but can become pathogenic under certain circumstances
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| Plankton | free floating aquatic organisms
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| Plasmodium | a multinucleated mass of protoplasm as in plasmodium slime molds and when written as a genus, refers to the causative agent of malaria
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| Plasmogamy | fusion of the cytoplasm of two cells; occurs in the sexual stage of a fungal life cycle
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| Pseudohypha | a short chain of fungal cells that result from the lacking of separating of daughters cells after budding
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| Pseudopod | an extension of a eukaryotic cell that aids in locomotion and feeding
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| Red tide | a bloom of planktonic dinoflagellates
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| Rhizine | a root like hyphae that anchors a fungus to a surface
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| Rhizopoda | eukaryotic organism that moves using pseudopods, i.e. amoebas
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| Ring stage | a young Plasmodium trophozoite that looks like a ring in a RBC
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| Saxitoxin | a neurotoxin produced by some dinoflagellates
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| Schizogony | the process of multiple fission in which one organism divides to produce many daughter cells
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| Septa | a cross wall in a fungal hypha
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| Septate hypha | a hypha consisting of uninucleated cell like units
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| Sexual spore | a spore formed by sexual reproduction
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| Slime mold | a fungus like protest
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| Sporangiophore | an aerial hypha supporting a sporangium
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| Sporangiospore | an asexual fungal spore formed within a sporangium
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| Sporangium | a sac containing one or more spores
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| Spore | a reproductive structure formed by fungi and actinomyces
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| Sporozoite | a trophozoite of Plasmodium found in mosquitoes infective for humans
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| Stipe | a stemlike supporting structure of multicellular algae and basidiomycetes
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| Subcutaneous mycosis | a fungal infection of tissue beneath the skin
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| Superficial mycosis | a fungal infection localized in surface epidermal cells and along hair shafts
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| Systemic mycosis | a fungal infection in deep tissue
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| Tachyzoite | a rapidly growing trophozoite form of a protozoan
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| Telemorph | the sexual stage in the life cycle of a fungus, also refers to a fungus that produces both sexual and asexual spores
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| Thallus | the entire vegetative structure or body of a fungus, lichen, or alga
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| Trophozoite | the vegetative form of a protozoan
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| Undulating membrane | a highly modified flagellum on some protozoa
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| Vacuole | an intracellular inclusion, in eukaryotic cells surrounded by a plasma membrane. In prokaryotic cells surrounded by a proteinaceous membrane
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| Vector | 1. a plasmid or virus used in genetic engineering to insert genes into a cell. 2. an arthropod that carries disease causing organisms from host to another host
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| Vegetative | referring to cells involved with obtaining nutrients, as opposed to reproduction
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| Yeast | nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi
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| Yeast infection | a disease caused by the growth of certain yeasts in a susceptible host
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| Zoospore | an asexual algal spore, has two flagella
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| Zygosphore | a sexual fungal spore characteristic of the zygomycetes
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| Zygote | a diploid cell produced by the fusion of two haploid gametes
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