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Immunology
Principle of Immunology
Question | Answer |
---|---|
A hapten is | A determinant capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier |
A lymphokine is | a soluble mediator produced by lymphocytes |
Monocytes & macrophages play a major role in the mononuclear phagocytic system. For an antibody-coated antigen to be phagocytosed, what part of the antibody molecule fits into a receptor on the phagocytic cell? | Fc region |
in which zone might the antibody screening test be false positive | prozone |
A young women shows increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections. Upon assay, she shows a low level of C3. What is probably true? | She has an autoimmune disease with continual antigen-antibody activity causing consumption of C3 |
What is the predominant type of antibody found in the serum of neonates born after full-term gestation? | Maternal IgG |
What type of cell predominates in the germinal centers of lymph nodes | B cells |
Which class of immunoglobulin possesses Delta heavy chains? | IgD |
Which class of immunoglobulin possesses 10 antigenic binding sites? | IgM |
An example of immune injury to the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes is | Acute glomerulonephritis |
In bone marrow transplantation, immunocompetent cells in the donor marrow may recognize antigens in the recipient and respond to those antigens. This phenomenon is an example of?? | Graft-vs,-host-disease (GVHD |
The method used to determine MHC Class I compatibility between a donor and a recipient involves | specific typing antibodies |
After exposure to antigen, the first antibodies that can be detected belong to the class | IgM |
In Bruton's disease, measurement of serum immunoglobulins would show | the absence of all immunoglobulins |
Antigenically identical tumors produced in different animals are most commonly produced by | viruses |
the lymphokine able to cause proliferation and differentiation of B cells is | interleukin 4 |
A kidney transplant from one identical twin to another is an example of | an isograft |
Which cell is the principle source of interleukin 2 | T cell |
A major advantage of passive immunization of opposed to active immunization is that | antibody is available more quickly |
How does the secondary immune response differ from the primary immune response? | IgG is the predominant antibody class produced in the secondary immune response. the antibody levels produced are higher in the secondary immune response. The lag phase is shorter in the secondary immune response |
After activation of the complement system, leukocytes & macrophages are attracted to the site of complement activation by | C5a |
The type of immunity that follows the injection of an antigen is termed | active |
Monoclonal antibodies are produced by | Hybridomas |
Vaccines are an example of what type off immunity? | (Adaptive) Active Artificial Immunity |
Secondary lymphoid organs include?? | Lymph nodes, spleen, MALT |
Primary lymphoid organs include | Thymus and Bone marrow |
the classical complement pathway is activated by | antigen-antibody complex |
enhancement of phagocytosis by coating of foreign particles with serum protein is called | opsonization |
In a adult, hematopoiesis occurs where? | Bone Marrow |
What is "positive selection"? | selection for those cells whose T-cell receptors responds to self-MHC |
What is "negative selection"? | selection against those cells whose T-cell receptors react strongly to self-peptide/MHC combinations |
What are some of the cytokines that might be detected in a Th1 type response? | IFN-y (interferon-gamma) and IL-2 (interleukin-2) |
What are some of the cytokines that might be detected in a Th2 type response? | IL-4 (interleukin-4), and IL-10 (interleukin-10) |