Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Micro #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the three domains of Microbiology | Eukarya, Bacteria, Archaea |
| T/F: All three domains of Microbiology contain microbes | True |
| T/R: There are four domains of Microbiology | False- three domains and then Viruses |
| Why aren't Viruses a domain in Microbiology? | Viruses contain microbes, but they are not alive/are not organisms, therefore they can not be a domain |
| Dr. Carl Woese | Distingquished Archaea from bacteria by studying rRNA |
| Bacteria (s. ?) | Bacterium |
| Bacteria have what in their cell walls? | Petidoglycan |
| Peptidoglycan | a substance forming the cell walls of many bacteria, consisting of glycosaminoglycan chains interlinked with short peptides. |
| Human Microbiome | microbes colonize humans shortly after birth; they contribute to the development of our body's immune system; microbes that inhabit the large intestine help the body digest food and produce vitamins |
| Natural birth | transfers bacteria to babies |
| What can taking antibiotics lead to? | Yeast infection in women |
| Archaea (s. ?) | Archaeon |
| T/F: Archaea do not have peptidoglycan in their cell wall | True |
| Where do Archaea live? | Extreme environments |
| Kingdom Protista | Unicellular but larger than bacteria and archaea (part of the Domain Eukarya) |
| Kingdom Protista is divided into what four categories? | 1. Algea 2. Protozoa 3. Slime Molds 4. Water Molds |
| Algae means what? | Photosynthesis - together with cyanobacteria, they produce 75% of the oxygen and are the foundation of aquatic food chains |
| Protozoa means what? | Animal-like protista that are usually motile |
| Slime mold means what? | Protists that behave like protozoa in one stage of their life cycle but like fungi in another |
| Water mold means what? | Protists that grow on the surface of fresh water or moist soil |
| Famous example of water molds? | Ireland Potato Famine |
| Domain Eukarya | Kingdom Fungi |
| Domain Eukarya Industry | Bread, cheese, beer, antibiotics, enzymes |
| Domain Eukarya - Animal Protista | Range from unicellula rfrom (yeast) to mold and mushrooms |
| Dimorphic | Candida albicans - yeast form to hyhae form |
| Candida albicans | Travels as yeast then grows hyphae to perforate organs |
| Mycellium | Consisting of a mass of branching, thread-like hyphae |
| Kingdom Fungi: two categories | Single cell (yeast form) vs. multicell (filamentous fungi- hyphae) |
| Filamentous fungi: two categories | Phylum basidiomycota vs. Phylum Ascomycota |
| Phylum basidiomycota | Spores produced externally |
| Phylum Ascomycota | Spores produced internally |
| Viruses | Order: life is characterized by highly ordered structures Evolution/Reproduction are only done in a host |
| Subviral Agent of viruses | Viroids, Satellites, Prions |
| Robert Hook time phrame | 1635-1703 |
| Robert Hook discovery | First drawing of microorganism (cork cells) |
| Lois Pastuer | Discovered that fermentation was a process developed by microorganism - fermentation was failing bc the yeast normally responsible for alcohol formation was replaced by bacteria that produced acid rather than ethanol |
| Pasteurization | Mild heat: <100 C |
| Sterilization | High heat: 121 C |
| Joseph Lister dates | 1827-1912 |
| Joseph Lister discovery | Developed a system of antiseptic surgery designed to present microorganisms from entering wounds |
| Germ Theory date | 1850 |
| Antibiotics date/origin | 1920/fungi |
| Fermentation | No Oxygen present |
| Respiration | Oxygen present |
| Robert Koch dates | 1843-1910 |
| Robert Koch discovery | Worked with Bacillus anthracis and anthrax - reported that tuberculosis was caused by the rod-shaped bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| Koch's Postulates 1&2 | 1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organism 2. The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture |
| Koch's Postulates 3&4 | 3. The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host 4. The same microorganism must be isolated again from the new diseased host |
| Deine Koch's Postulates | Criteria for proving the casual relationship between a microorganism and a specific disease |
| Problems with Koch's Postulates | 1. Cannot be isolated in pure culture 2. Cannot be cultured 3. Deadly diseases 4. More than one microorganism is causing the disease |
| Mycology | Study of fungi |
| Public Health microbiolgy | CDC |
| Fruit grow what? | Fungi |
| Veggies grow what? | Bacteria |
| Plasma Membrane | Selectively permeable barrier, mechanical boundary of cell, nutrient and waste transport, location of many metabolic processes (respiration, photosynthesis), detection of environmental cue for chemotaxis |
| Gas vacuole | An inclusion that provides buoyancy for floating in aquatic environments |
| Inclusions | Storage of carbon, phosphate, and other substances |
| Nucleoid | Localization of genetic material (DNA) |
| Periplasmic space | In typical Gram-negative bacteria, contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake; in typical Gram-positive bacteria, may be smaller or absent |
| Cell wall | Protection from osmotic stress, helps maintain cell shape Negatively charged!! |
| Capsules and slime layers | Resistance to phagocytosis, adherence to surfaces |
| Fimbriae and pili | Attachment to surfaces, bacterial conjugation and transformation, twitching and gliding motility |
| Flagella | Swimming and swarming motility |
| Endopsore | Survival under harsh environmental conditions |
| Archaea's common features with Eukarya | Genes encoding protein: replication, transcription, translation |
| Archaea's common features with Bacteria | Genes for metabolism |
| Archaea's unique features | Unique rRNA gene structure; capable of methanogenesis |
| Common shapes of Archaea | Cocci and rods |
| What is the difference between Bacterial vs. Archaeal cells | Cell wall constituents |
| What is in the Bacterial wall that is not in Archaeal wall? | Peptidoglycan |
| Smollpox details | Human carriers -young children and older people affected -mid-1700s |
| Edward Jenner dates | 1749-1823 |
| Edward Jenner discovery | Credited with first small pox vaccine -Father of Immunolgy |
| Edward Jenner's discovery process | 1. noticed certain female patients were not contracting/dying of small pox 2. all patients were cow maids who contracted cow pox 3. jenner infected the cow maids but none got the disease 4. mass eradication of the disease |
| Three types of microscopes | Dissecting - Fungi Compound - Bacteria Electron - Viruses |
| Virus contents | Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), Capsid, Envelope |
| Virus envelope is made of... | Lipids (membrane) |
| Virus capsid is made of... | Proteins |
| Virus nucleic acid is made of... | DNA or RNA |
| An example of an enveloped virus | HIV |
| An example of a naked (nonenveloped) virus | Polio |
| Two types of Virus Classification | 1. International Committee of Taxonomy of Viruses 2. Baltimore Classification |
| Difference between virus clasifications | ICTV- based on genetic analysis BC - based on 1) nucleic acid, 2) strandedness, 3) method of replication |
| Expounded terms of Baltimore Classification of Viruses | 1) Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) 2) Strandedness (single-stranded or double stranded nucleic acid) 3) method of replication (+ vs - stranded nucleic acid) |
| Three shapes of Capsids | Helical, icosahedral, complex |
| Helical Capsids | shaped like hollow tubes with protein walls |
| Icosahedral Capsids | a regular polyhedron with 20 equilateral faces and 12 vertices - always rigid |
| Capsids of Complex Symmetry | do not fit the category of having helical or icosahedral capsids -head resembles icosahedral, tail is helical |
| Example of complex capsid symetry | Phages |
| Name 1st step of viral life cycle multiplication | Attachment to host cell |
| Name 2nd step of viral life cycle multiplication | Entry and uncoating of genome |
| Name 3rd step of viral life cycle multiplication | Synthesis |
| Name 4th step of viral life cycle multiplication | Assembly |
| Name 5th and final step of viral life cycle multiplication | Release |
Created by:
Briawna
Popular Biology sets