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6th Gr Sci 4th 9 We
Ecology and Natural Selection Review
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Natural Selection | The process by which individuals are better adapted to their environment. ring |
| Giraffes, Butterflies, Cheetah , Peppered Moth | Examples of Natural Selection |
| Charles Darwin | Proposed the theory of evolution/natural selection |
| Galapagos Islands | Islands where Darwin observed finches |
| What did Darwin notice about the beaks of the finches? | The finches were adapted to their environment. |
| mutation | A ________ is a change in the genes of an organism that causes physical characteristics that are different from the normal characteristics. |
| ancestor | All the finches had a common ________. |
| How did their beaks come to match their environments? | The beaks of the finches had adapted to type of food they ate in order to fill different niches on the Galapagos islands |
| Why do rapid environmental changes cause extension? | Organisms can’t change fast enough. |
| Selective breeding | ________ ________ is where two animals are chosen with desired traits and breed them to produce the parent’s traits in the offspring. |
| Racehorses bred for speed. Dogs bred for hunting. | Examples of selective breeding |
| Why are there so many different breeds of dogs today? | People have bred so many dogs to produce a certain trait. |
| Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Organism | levels of organization |
| Ecosystem | An ________ unit made up of all the living and nonliving things in a given area that interact with each other. Pond, River, Forest |
| Popoulation | Each type of living thing that makes up a community. Horses, Deer, Ants. |
| Community | The living part of the ecosystem. Fishes, Seaweed, Turtles, and frogs living in a pond. |
| Biome | A major ecological community, extending over a large area and usually characterized by a dominant vegetation. |
| Biotic | Living Things |
| Abiotic | Non-living Things |
| A disease broke out in this ecosystem. Which organism(s) would be LEAST affected if the disease killed the large majority of the mice? | Rabbit and Frog |
| Which organism(s) would be MOST affected if the disease killed the mice? | Hawk, Owl, and Snake |
| What would happen to the population of owls if the clovers were all burned in a fire? Explain your answer on the line below. | The owl population wouldn’t be affected because the owl has other things to eat. |
| Why are decomposers important? | Decomposers return nutrients to the soil. |
| Can a food chain start with the sun? | Yes |
| Yes, What is the next level if it does start with the sun? | Producers |
| Where is most of the energy available? | Producer level |
| Where is least of the energy available? | Tertiary level |
| Adaptation | A trait or characteristic that help an organism survive in its environment |
| structural adaptation | A ________ ________ involves some part of an organism’s body. Long neck on a giraffe. |
| Behavior adaptations | ________ ________ include activities or behaviors that help an animal survive. |
| physiological adaptation | Behaviors controlled by the brain. |
| An adaptation of some organisms is a bright coloring. How does this help the organism? | To attract a mate. |
| adaptations of the spiny cactus that help it survive | Stores water by swelling up, The spines ward off predators, Spines provide shade. |
| How spines benefit the cactus | The spines collect moisture. |
| How broad flat leaves benefit a plant | When the leaves open up to release oxygen to the air, water is also released. |
| How does a predator prey relationship benefit the prey? | The prey is not overpopulated. |
| three adaptations of a camel that help it survive? | The long eyelashes keep sand out of the camel's eyes., A camel’s nostrils can close so it doesn't get sand up its nose., Thick eyebrows shield the eyes from the desert sun. |
| adaptations that help organisms survive in a cold climate | Fur, Blubber, |
| mutualism | A symbiotic relationship in which both organisms’ benefit |
| otter and kelp | Example of mutualism |
| Parasitism | A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| Fleas on a dog | Example of parasitism |
| commensalism | A symbiotic relationship in which one organism benefits and the other organism is unaffected |
| egrets and cows. | Example of commensalism |
| indicator species | Valuable as an early warning system for environmental problems, ________ ________ are chosen for their sensitivity to environmental conditions |
Created by:
SHigh
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