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Ecology

TermDefinition
ecology the study of how organisms interact with the living and nonliving things that surround them.
environment every living and nonliving thing that surrounds an organism
ecosystem any portion of the environment ~ an "ecological system"
biotic factors interaction of living things (bacteria, plants, animals)
abiotic factors nonliving influences (soil, water, energy, physical space).
habitat species have specific environments that is their "home"
population all the organisms of a species that live in the same area
biosphere the biologically inhabited portions of the planet
competition the struggle for resources among organisms
predators animals which kill and eat other organisms
prey organism killed for food
carrying capacity the number of organisms of any single species that an ecosystem can support.
ecological niche the role that each species plays in an ecosystem
autotrophs (producers) organisms that make their own food ~ they provide a source of food energy for almost all other living things
heterotrophs (consumers) must acquire food by consuming other organisms
scavengers consumers that eat dead organisms (vultures)
parasites organisms that attack other live organisms (called host organisms)
food webs show the complex feeding relationships among producers, consumers and decomposers. Shows the interconnected food chains that exist in the ecosystem.
energy pyramid a diagram that illustrates the transfer of energy through a food chain or web
biological community an interacting community of various species in a common location
biome a large naturally occuring community of flora and fauna occupying a major habitat
predation the preying of one animal
Created by: gmatise
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