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Genetics 2 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| complimentary | either of the nucleotide bases linked by a hydrogen bond on opposite strands of DNA or double-stranded RNA |
| punctuation | theory in evolutionary biology which proposes that once species appear in the fossil record the population will become stable |
| protein synthesis | process of creating protein molecules |
| transcription | making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA |
| translation | a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
| codon | a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid |
| anticodon | sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA |
| splice | process by which introns are removed from hnRNA to produce mature messenger RNA that contains only exons |
| exons | part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing |
| polypeptide | chains of amino acids |
| restrictive enzyme | a protein produced by bacteria that cleaves DNA at specific sites along the molecule |
| karyotyping | the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of an eukaryotic cell |
| tranduction | the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector |
| cloning | the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually |
| genetic engineering | the direct manipulation of an organisms genes using biotechnology |
| gene mutation | a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, such that the sequence differs from what is found in most people |
| chromosomal mutation | A mutation involving a long segment of DNA |
| pedigree chart | An ancestral line or chart depicting the lineage or descent of an individual |
| amniocentesis | a procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy. |
| recombinant DNA | genetically-engineered DNA molecule formed by splicing fragments of DNA from a different source or from another part of the same source, and then introduced into the recipient cell. |
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