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Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Complimentary | In molecular biology, complementarity is a property (something that it can do) of nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA. |
| Punctuation | Rapid or sudden speciation, as posited by the theory of punctuated equilibrium. |
| Protein Synthesis | Is a complex process that begins with adequate supplies of amino acids to charge the transfer RNA molecules that deliver them to the proteinsynthetic apparatus |
| Transcription | The process of transcribing or making a copy of genetic information stored in a DNA strand into a complementary strand of RNA |
| Translation | Is a step in protein biosynthesis wherein the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce the specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain |
| Codon | Is a sequence of three DNA or RNA nucleotides that corresponds with a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis. |
| Anticodon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides located on one end of transfer RNA |
| Splice | The process by which introns are removed from hnRNA to produce mature messenger RNA that contains only exons. |
| Exons | An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing. |
| Polypeptide | Chains of amino acids |
| Restrictive enzyme | DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria (and harvested from them for use) |
| Karyotyping | The number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species. |
| Transduction | Is the process by which foreign DNA is introduced into a cell by a virus or viral vector |
| Cloning | Is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals |
| Genetic engineering | The science of altering and cloning genes to produce a new trait in an organism or to make a biological substance, such as a protein or hormone. |
| Gene mutation | Is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene. |
| Chromosomal mutation | A mutation involving a long segment of DNA. |
| Pedigree chart | Diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next |
| Amniocentesis | A procedure used to diagnose fetal defects in the early second trimester of pregnancy. |
| Recombinant DNA | Genetically-engineered DNA molecule formed by splicing fragments ofDNA from a different source or from another part of the same source, and then introduced into the recipient (host) cell. |
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