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Genetics
Vocabulary 7
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| Heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| Alleles | possible forms of a gene |
| Trait | is a feature of an organism |
| Dominant | An allele or a gene that is expressed in an organism's phenotype, masking the effect of the recessive allele or gene when present. |
| Recessive | is a gene that can be masked by a dominant gene. In order to have a trait that is expressed by a recessive gene, such as blue eyes, you must get the gene for blue eyes from both of your parents. |
| Genotype | is the set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait. |
| Phenotype- | The physical appearance or biochemical characteristic of an organism as a result of the interaction of its genotype and the environment. |
| Homozygous | having identical alleles for a single trait. |
| Heterozygous | -Genes come in pairs, called alleles, and each pair is located in a specific position (or locus) on a chromosome |
| Punnett square | is a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. It is named after Reginald C. |
| Mutation | occurs when a DNA gene is damaged or changed in such a way as to alter the genetic message carried by that gene. |
| Autosome(s) | Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome, or is not involved in sex determination. It occurs in pairs in somatic cells and singly in sex cells (gametes) Supplement |
| Sex chromosome | An allosome is a chromosome that differs from an ordinary autosome in form, size, and behavior |
| Sex-linked | A particularly important category of genetic linkage has to do with the X and Y sexchromosomes. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | is a molecule that contains the instructions an organism needs to develop, live and reproduce |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | A nucleic acid that is frequently single-stranded and folded onto itself, and composed of repeating nucleotide units of ribose sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base. |
| Replication | The process of duplicating or producing an exact copy of a polynucleotide strand such as DNA |
| Nitrogenous bases | is simply a nitrogen-containing molecule that has the same chemical properties as a base |
| Nucleotide | is one of the structural components, or building blocks, of DNA and RNA. A nucleotide consists of a base |
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