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Science Vocabulary12
Science Words To Learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Genetics | the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. |
| Heredity | the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another. |
| Alleles | one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
| Trait | a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person. |
| Dominant | most important, powerful, or influential trait or gene. |
| Recessive | relating to or denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes that are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents |
| Genotype | the genetic constitution of an individual organism |
| Phenotype | the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
| Homozygous | having two identical alleles of a particular gene or genes. |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles of a particular gene or genes |
| Punnett square | a square diagram that is used to predict the genotypes of a particular cross or breeding experiment. |
| Mutation | the changing of the structure of a gene, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes. |
| Autosome(s) | any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. |
| Sex chromosome | a chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism, typically one of two kinds. |
| Sex-linked | tending to be associated with one sex or the other. |
| Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) | a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information. |
| Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) | a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins. |
| Replication | the action of copying or reproducing something. |
| Nitrogenous bases | is an organic molecule with a nitrogen atom that has the chemical properties of a base. |
| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA. |
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