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bio 16-17 flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fossil | Evidence of living things long ago |
| Artificial selection | breeding animals to bring out specific traits (dogs or pigeons for example) |
| Adaptation | A trait shaped by natural selection that increases an individuals chance of survival and reproduction |
| Analogous structure | similar traits in unrelated species that evolved independently of one another |
| Vestigial structure | A reduced form of a once more useful structure (human appendix) |
| Directional selection | Natural selection that favors one extreme of a trait |
| Stabilizing selection | Natural selection that favors the average version of a trait |
| Disruptive selection | Natural selection that favors 2 extreme versions of a trait. |
| Genetic drift | Random change in allele frequencies |
| Founder effect | When a small subgroup of a population migrates to a new area, changing allele frequencies of that population |
| Polygenic trait | A trait shaped by more than one set of genes |
| Genetic Equillibrium | When allele frequencies in a population remain unchanged over time |
| Sexual selection | Natural selection where females select males to mate with based on traits such as coloration and strength |
| Speciation | When a population splits off and no longer interbreeds with the rest of its original species |
| Reproductive Isolation | When individuals from 2 populations can no longer interbreed with each other |
| Behavioral Isolation | When 2 populations who are capable of interbreeding develop differences in courtship rituals or other behaviors |
| Temporal Isolation | When 2 or more species breed at different times which prevents interbreeding |
| Evolution | The process by which organisms change over time |
| Fitness | A measure of how well an organism can survive and reproduce in their environment |
| Natural selection | Darwin's theory for how evolution occurs |
| Biogeography | The study of where organisms live now and where their ancestors lived in the past |
| Homologous structure | Traits that are similar between species that show inheritance from a common ancestor |
| Bottleneck effect | When a population size decreases greatly and then rebounds, but genetic diversity is still greatly reduced |
| Hardy-Weinberg Principle | allele frequencies in a population should remain constant unless 1 or more factors causes them to change |
| Species | A group of individuals that can interbreed and have fertile offspring |
| Geographic Isolation | When a physical barrier separates 2 populations and prevents interbreeding |
Created by:
21guffeva
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