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Mbio Module 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osculum | A large opening on a sponge through which filtered water is expelled |
| Amoebocytes | Cells within a sponge that produce its skeletal structure, perform digestion, and repair cell damage |
| Gemmule | A group of cells surrounded by a shell made of spicules |
| Metamorphosis | A complete morphological change from larval to adult form |
| Spherical symmetry | A body form in which any cut through the organism’s center results in identical halves |
| Radial symmetry | A body form in which any longitudinal cut (along the length) through the organism’s central axis results in identical halves |
| Bilateral symmetry | A body form in which only on longitudinal cut through the organism’s center results in identical halves |
| Polyp | An attached cnidarian stage, appearing sac-like or barrel-like |
| Medusa | A free-swimming cnidarian stage, appearing bell-like or umbrella-like |
| Mesoglea | A jelly-like substance between the inner layer an outer layer of cells in a cnidarian |
| Dorsal | Referring to the top (or back) surface of an animal |
| Ventral | Referring to the bottom (or belly) surface of an animal |
| Mutualism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where both benefit from the association |
| Commenalism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited |
| Parasitism | A relationship between two or more organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed |
| Coelom | A body cavity within organisms containing specialized tissue extensions of the body containing thinwalled blood vessels that allow for easy absorption of oxygen from the outside surface |
| Members of phylum Porifera are commonly called what? | Sponges |
| Being attached to the bottom surface, such as the sea floor, is called what? | Substrate |
| Tube-like cells in a sponge that allow water to enter | Pore cells |
| Cells that create currents of water in a sponge | Collar cells |
| Laterally, as in the water enters in laterally | from the sides |
| Apically, as in the water leave apically | through the top |
| The water in a sponge always enter in ______ and leaves ______ | laterally, apically |
| Three basic sponge body types | Ascon, Sycon, Leucon |
| What is aggregation? | Aggregation is the ability of sponges to reform into a new individual if it is broken up into tiny bits |
| Spicules | Made of calcium carbonate or silica, support |
| Spongin | Web-like skeleton of elastic protein fibers, more flexible than spicules |
| Budding | A form of asexual reproduction used by sponges. A new individual grows out of the old one then is pinched off |
| amphiblastula | planktonic larva from sponges |
| Members of phylum Cnidaria are sometimes called what and why? | They care sometimes called coelenterate because they contian a coel, which is a large body cavity |
| Nematocysts are | unique stinging structures that can paralyze prey or ward off predators. They are located on the tentacles of a cnidarian |
| Mesoglea is located | betweentwo tissue layers: the ectoderm and the endoderm |
| Planula | A free-swimming larval stage which metamorphozie into a medusa |
| Nerve cells | A simple nervous system that enable some species of cnidarian to identify each other and to coordinate the :pulsing: of medusoid forms of orientation in the water column |
| Anthozoa | Largest groups of cnidarians |
| Septa | vertical partitions that provide greater surface for digestion in the gastrovascular cavity of Anthozoans |
| Sea fans, sea plumes and black corals | colonial anthozoans that form braching or elongated skelonts |
| Soft corals, sea pens, sea anemones | no hard skeleton |
| Phylum Ctenophora | Comb jellies |
| Combs or “ctenes” | locomotive cilia in comb jellies |
| Platyhelminthes | flatworms |
| Central Nervous sytem | coordinates the movemtns of well-developed muscled of a flat worm |
| Turbellarains | class Turbellaria |
| Class Trematoda | largest class |
| Flukes | Parasites that live first in a host which is then eaten by a vertebrate host where they then live out the rest of their live |
| Tapeworms | Parasites that live in the gastrovascular cavity of a host |
| Phylum Nemertea | Ribbon worms |
| Probosics | Long, tubular structure that is used by members of phylum nemertea to defend and capture prey |
| Phylum Nematoda | Round worms |
| Phylum Annelida | Segment worms |
| Class Polychaeta | Polychaetes |
| Parapodia | Small, flattened extensions on each segment of a polychaete |
| Trochophore | a free-swimming, ciliated, planktonic stage that metamorphoses into an adult polychaete |
| Lophophorates | Organisms that feed with a lophophore. |
| Suspension feeders | Obtain their food from plankton. Lophophorates are suspension feeders |
| Phylum Bryozoa | Moss animals, lophophorate |
| Phylum Phoronida | lophophorates, have a U-shaped gut |
| Brachiopoda | Lamp shells, lophophorates, look like clams, but aren’t. Have shells on top and bottom, instead of right and left. |
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akikoandpoog
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