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Heredity
Review Genetics and Punnett Squares
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Gene | The different kinds of genetic information that can be found on DNA. |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid, holds all the genetic information for organisms. Called the blueprint of life. |
double helix | The two stranded and twisted shape of DNA. |
nucleotides | The building blocks of DNA. Made up of a phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base. |
nitrogenous base | The middle part, or rungs, of DNA. Consists of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. |
heredity | The passing of genetic information from one generation to another. |
trait | A specific characteristic or feature in an organism. |
Alleles | Different forms of a specific trait. |
Dominant allele | Refers to the allele that masks or hides the appearance of the other allele. |
Recessive allele | Refers to the allele that is covered by or masked by the other allele. |
homozygous | When both alleles for a trait are the same. |
heterozygous | When both alleles for a trait are different. |
Genotype | The set of genes that are responsible for a specific trait. |
Phenotype | The physical appearance or symptoms that we notice in an organism. |
Punnett Square | A graphic tool used to predict all possible combinations of offspring from a set of parents. |
Codominance | When the dominant trait and recessive traits are seen in the phenotype of the offspring. |
Incomplete Dominance | When the heterozygous genotype blends the dominant and recessive phenotypes. |