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Ecosystems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a population? | The group of organisms of the same species living in the same area |
| Where does a population live? | In its habitat. |
| All populations are affected by __________________? | All populations are affected by abiotic factors, like weather and water resources. They are also affected by biotic factors, like available food sources and human activities. |
| What are the measurable characteristics of a population? | Density, distribution, and size. |
| What is population density? | Population density is the number of individuals per unit area. |
| How are populations most commonly distributed? | In a clumped pattern. |
| What are the distribution methods? | Clumped, random, uniform |
| When does size (growth rate) of a population change? | Any population changes when one or more of the following changes: birth rate, death rate, or rate of individuals joining the population (immigration) or leaving the population (emigration). |
| What needs to happen for the population to grow? | If a population experiences equivalent immigration and emigration, and its birth rate exceeds its death rate. |
| What makes up a community? | All the populations of organisms living together in an environment make up a community. |
| What affects the structure of a community? | Climate, topography, available resources throughout the year, adaptive traits of organisms in the community, overall population size, and interactions among different species within the community. |
| What are biomes? | Climax communities that have been put into groups based on their similarities and differences. Examples: temperate forest and coral reefs. |
| What makes up an ecosystem ? | Organisms interacting with one another and with their physical surroundings make up an ecosystem. |
| What are the abiotic factors of an ecosystem? | The abiotic factors of an ecosystem are the nonliving components, including water, climate, and soil. |
| What are the biotic factors of an ecosystem? | The biotic factors are the living components and include all of the plants, animals, and other organisms. |
| True or False: All ecosystems are open systems with inputs, transfers, and outputs of energy and nutrients. | True! |
| True or False: Ecosystems have a fixed size. | False! Ecosystems have no fixed size. |
| Explain biodiversity. | The variety of species that exist in an environment |
| What is a habitat? | Where each species prefers to live. |
| What is a niche? | The unique physical environment occupied, and functions performed by, a species. A new species will fill a need within the ecosystem. |
| What is competition? | a relationship in which two or more individuals or species compete for the same resource |
| What is predation? | a relationship in which one species, the predator, hunts another species, the prey |
| What is parasitism? | a relationship in which one species (a parasite) benefits at the expense of the other species (a host) |
| What is commensalism? | a relationship that directly benefits one species but does not greatly affect the other, if at all |
| What is mutualism? | A relationship that directly benefits both species |
| What is intraspecific behaviors? | Behaviors that involve interactions between members of the same species . Intraspecific behaviors can greatly increase the chances of survival and reproductive success for the individuals that engage in them. |
| How do producers obtain energy? | Producers convert light energy into chemical energy to produce biomass from inorganic resources. |
| How do consumers obtain energy? | Consumers obtain energy by eating other organisms. |
| What is a primary consumer? | Any organism that eats only producers. (herbivores) |
| What is a secondary consumer? | Secondary consumers obtain some or most of their energy by consuming primary consumers. |
| What are tertiary consumers? | Tertiary consumers obtain energy by eating secondary consumers. All tertiary consumers are carnivorous. |
| What are detrivores? | Detritivores consume detritus—dead organic matter or organic wastes for energy. |
| What is a food chain? | A food chain is a linear representation of the directional flow of energy from one organism to another organism in an ecosystem. |
| What is a food web? | A food web provides a more accurate view of the flow of energy in a community because it includes connections between food chains. |
| What are the trophic levels from least to greatest? | Producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary consumers |
| Explain succession. | When communities are replaced over time by new communities. |
| What is primary succession? | Primary succession occurs when communities form on a surface that was previously unoccupied by organisms. |
| What are pioneer species? | The first species to colonize an area. |
| What is a climax community? | A stable community. |
| What is secondary succession? | One type of biological and ecological succession that involves the growth of plant life in an area that previously saw growth, but was destroyed for any reason. EX: flood or fire |
| What is a keystone species? | A keystone species is one that has relatively low abundance but greatly influences community structure. |
| What is an exotic species? | A species either deliberately or accidentally introduced to a range that it is not native to |
| What are the types of aquatic ecosystems? | Freshwater and marine, depending on salinity levels. |
| What are disturbances? | External factors that influence ecosystems. When this happens the process of succession is interrupted or the climax community is destroyed. |
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JustEmma
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