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B5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define homeostasis | The regulation of the conditions inside the body so that everything works at optimal |
| Name 3 conditions in the body that need regulating | -body temperature -blood glucose levels -water levels |
| Name 4 receptors in the body | -Sound receptors in ear -taste receptors in mouth -smell receptors in nose -light receptors in eyes -touch receptors in skin |
| What is the job of the central nervous system | Coordinates a response |
| What is the reflex arc | -stimulus -receptor -sensory neuron -CNS -motor neuron -effector -response |
| How does the body get conditions back to optimal | -optimal level -level changes from optimal -receptors detect change -CNS processes information -effector reponds |
| What are synapses and how do they work | -connections between neurons -chemicals are secreted across the gap |
| Why are reflex actions automatic | They do not involve the conscious part of the brain |
| What are the three types of neurons | -sensory -relay -motor |
| What is the function of the cerebral cortex | Conscious activities e.g intelligence memory and language |
| What is the function of the medulla | Unconscious activities e.g heart rate and breathing |
| What is the function of the cerebellum | Muscle coordination |
| How could you study the brain | -study patients with brain damage -electrically stimulating the brain -MRI scans |
| What is the sclera | Tough outer wall of the eye |
| What is the function of the cornea | Refracts light into the eye |
| What is the pupil | The hole in the eye where light enters |
| What is the function of the iris | Controls how much light enters the eye |
| What is the function of the retina | Contains light receptors |
| What is the function of the lens | Focuses light onto retina |
| What is the function of the cilliary muscles | Controls the shape of the lens |
| What is the function of the optic nerve | Sends impulses to the brain |
| What is accomodation | The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects |
| What happens when we focus on near objects | -cilliary muscles contract -suspensory ligaments loosen -lens more fat -refracts light more |
| What happens when we focus on distant objects | -cilliary muscles relax -suspensory ligaments tighten -lens more thin -refracts light less |
| What is hyperopia | Long sightedness - you can't focus on near objects |
| What is myopia | Short sightedness - you can't focus on distant objects |
| How can we treat vision defects | -contact lenses -laser eye surgery -replacement lens surgery |
| How does the brain and skin monitor temperature | Recptors sensitive to blood temperature |
| Which part of the brain monitors temperature | Thermoregulatory centre |
| How does the body respond when body temperature is too low | -vasoconstiction -sweating stops -hairs stand on end -shivering |
| How does the body respond when body temperature is too high | -vasodilation -sweating -hairs fall |
| How does shivering increase body temperature | -skeletal muscles contract -muscles respire more -heat released |
| How does vasodilation cool the body | -blood vessels dilate -more blood through capillaries -heat can transfer out of the blood |
| How does vasoconstriction warm the body | -blood vessels constrict -less blood through capillaries -heat can't transfer out of the blood |
| How does sweating reduce heat loss | sweating evaporates and takes energy from the body which cools the body down |
| How do hormones travel around the body | In the blood |
| What is a hormones | A chemical messanger |
| Nerves VS Hormones Compare | -nerves faster -nerves precise area -hormones last longer -hormones act on a larger area |
| Why is the pituitary gland a master gland | It secreted hormones which act on other glands |
| What is the job of the pancreas | To control and monitor blood glucose levels |
| What happens when blood glucose is too high | -pancreas secretes insulin -glucose moves from blood to cell -glucose converted to glycogen in liver and muscles |
| What happens when blood glucose is too low | -pancreas secretes glucagon -glycogen is converted to glucose in the liver |
| What do we call stored glucose and where is it stored | Glycogen is stored in the muscles and liver |
| What causes type 1 diabetes | Body doesn't produce insulin |
| What causes type 2 diabetes | Body rejects your own insulin |
| How do we treat type 1 diabetes | Injecting insulin |
| How do we treat type 3 diabetes | Carb controlled diet and exercise |
| Why do cells need constant water levels | To function correctly |
| Name 3 ways the body loses water | -sweating -urinating -exhaling |
| What is the job of the kidneys | To filter the blood |
| Describe the Process of deamination | -proteins and amino acids converted into fats and carbohydrate in the liver -this produces ammonia as a waste product -ammonia is toxic so is converted to urea in the liver |
| What happens when water levels are too high | -pituitary gland releases less ADH -less water reabsorbed by kidney tubules |
| What happens when water levels are too low | -pituitary gland releases more ADH -less water reabsorbed by kidney tubules |
| Advantages and disadvantages of dialysis | Adv-can buy time until a donor is found Dis-blood clots -chance of infection -expensive -unpleasant |
| Pros and cons of kidney transplants | Pros-cheaper -less time spent on dialysis Cons-risk to donor -cancers be rejected -long waiting lists |
| What are the main sex hormones | Male=testosterone Female=oestrogen |
| What is the role of LH, FSH, oestrogen and progesterone in the menstrual cycle | -FSH causes egg to mature -LH egg release -progesterone maintaining uterus lining -oestrogen growth of uterus lining |
| Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle | Phase 1 day 1-4 uterus lining breaks down Phase 2 day 4-14 uterus lining builds up Phase 3 day 14 egg release Phase 4 day 14-28 uterus lining maintained |
| What happens on day 14 of the menstrual cycle | Ovulation |
| Name 4 methods of contraception | -Oral pill -patch -implant -spermicidal agents -inuterine device -condom -diaphragm -abstinace -surgical sterilisation |
| Outline the stages of IVF | -FSH and LH taken -eggs fertilised in lab -eggs develop into embryos -embryo inserted into mother |
| What are the disadvantages of IVF | -low success rate -stressful -cancers lead to multiple births |
| What is the role of adrenaline | Prepares the body for fight or flight; raises heart and breathing rate |
| What is the role of thyroxin | Regulates the basal metabolic rate |
| What is gravitropism | Plant growth towards gravity |
| What is phototropism | Plant growth towards light |
| What is the role of auxin | Plant growth |
| What is the role of gibberellin | Controls seed germination |
| What is the role of ethene | Fruit ripening |
| How are auxins used commercially | -weed killers -rooting powders -promoting growth in tissue culture |
| How are giberellins used commercially | -end seed dormancy -promoting flowering -increase fruit size |
| How is ethene used commercially | -controlling when fruit ripen |
| What factors affect reaction time | Age Tiredness Drugs Caffeine Alcohol |
| What is reaction time | The time it takes to respond to a stimulus |
Created by:
Liam P
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