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Vocab Unit 9
Biology Unit 9 Vocabulary Terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth. |
| natural selection | process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. |
| Charles Darwin | English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution. |
| fitness | ability to survive to reproductive age, find a mate, and produce offspring. |
| variability | tendency of individual genetic characteristics in a population to vary from one another. |
| inheritability | process of genetic transmission of characteristics from parent or ancestor to offspring. |
| artificial selection | breeding of plants and animals to produce desirable traits. |
| adaptation | dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness |
| structural adaptation | physical features of an organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear |
| mimicry | evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species. |
| camouflage | an adaptation that allows animals to blend in with certain aspects of their environment |
| fossil record | total number of fossils that have been discovered, as well as to the information derived from them |
| homologous structure | when very different animals have bones that appear very similar in form or function and seem to be related |
| analogous structure | various structures in different species having the same function but have evolved separately, thus do not share common ancestor |
| vestigial structure/organ | anatomical feature or behavior that no longer seems to have a purpose in the current form of an organism of the given species |
| embryology | prenatal development of gametes (sex cells), fertilization, and development of embryos and fetuses. |
| gene pool | collection of genes in an interbreeding population that includes each gene at a certain frequency in relation to its alleles |
| genetic drift | change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms. |
| allele/gene frequency | describes the amount of genetic diversity at the individual, population, or species level |
| stabilizing selection | type of natural selection in which the population mean stabilizes on a particular non-extreme trait value |
| bottleneck effect | sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events |
| founder effect | loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population |
| fossil | Any preserved evidence of life from a past geological age |
| speciation | formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution |
| directional selection | mode of natural selection in which a single phenotype is favored, causing the allele frequency to continuously shift in one direction |
| disruptive selection | describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values |
Created by:
AngelTorrres
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