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Mutations
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Mutation | A permanent change in DNA. |
Effects of Mutations | Beneficial, harmful, neutral. |
Point Mutations | Small changes in the DNA sequence (nucleotide). |
Nucleotide | Basic structure unit of DNA. |
4 types of nucleotides in DNA | Adenine , Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. A goes with T; C goes with G. |
Frameshift Mutation | A change in the sequence of codons in the DNA. Ex: "The big dog" = "Teb igd og" if the h is missing. |
Deletion | When a nucleotide is missing from a sequence. |
Insertion | When a nucleotide is inserted into the sequence. |
Substitution | When a nucleotide is exchanged from one base to another. An "A" for a "C". |
Translocation | When two segments from different chromosomes change positions. |
Mutagens | Chemicals that cause mutations. |
When do mutations occur? | During the duplication process or from mutagens. |
Types of mutagens that can cause a mutation. | Tobacco smoke, pollution, and X-Rays. |
Sickle Cell Anemia | Mutation of blood cells caused by substitution. |