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Biology Chapter 4
Biology Chapter 4: Ecosystems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| measurement of the number of individuals living in a defined space | population density |
| how do you find population density | number of individuals/area |
| how a population is spread in an area | population dispersion |
| individuals gather into groups where resources are available | clumped |
| what is an example of a clumped population dispersion | school of fish |
| what are the advantages of a clumped population dispersion | protects individuals from predators |
| same species must compete for limited resources and territory | uniform |
| what is an example of uniform dispersion | nesting penguins being territorial over eggs |
| resources evenly distributed | random |
| what is an example of random population dispersion | sloth in tropical forest |
| what are the advantages of random population dispersion | no competition and few predators |
| what affects population growth | birth, death, and migration |
| moving into an area | immigration |
| moving out of an area | emigration |
| population size increases dramatically over short period of time | exponential growth |
| what are causes of exponential growth | available resources and space |
| population begins with slow growth, followed by exponential growth before leveling off at a stable size | logistic growth |
| what are the factors of logistic growth | resources are reduced and growth slows down |
| max population size of a species that an environment can normally support in terms of resources | carrying capacity |
| can the carrying capacity change at any time | yes |
| example of how carrying capacity can change at any time | flooding can reduce shelter |
| factors that are affected by the number of individuals in an area | density dependent |
| what are examples of density dependent factors | predation, competiton, disease |
| factors that can impact a population regardless of its density | density independent |
| what are examples of density independent factors | natural disasters, human impacts-deforestation |
| sequence of biotic changes that restore a damaged community or create a community | ecological succession |
| establishment and development of an ecosystem in an area that was previously uninhabited | primary succession |
| first organisms that moves into an area | pioneer species |
| reestablishment of an ecosystem in an area where the soil was left intact | secondary succession |
| what are some things that could cause secondary succession | fire or flood |
| role an organism has in the ecosystem | niche |
| what 3 things affect a niche | abiotic factors, food source, behavior |
| relationship between 2 species | symbosis |
| where both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| example of mutualism | deer and bird |
| 1 organism benefits the other is neither helped nor harmed | commensalism |
| example of commensalism | whale and barnacle |
| 1 organism benefits the other is harmed | parasitism |
| example of parasitism | tapeworms and humans |
| species that can change an ecosystem drastically | keystone species |
| what kind of succession is it if a flash flood sweeps through a desert leaving nothing but bare land | secondary succession |
| what kind of succession is it if a fire comes through a forest and burns all the plant life | secondary succession |
| what kind of succession is it if a glacier scrapes the earth as it moves by | primary succession |
| what kind of succession is it if grasses and other small plants begin to grow | secondary succession |
| what is an example of a keystone species | wolves in Yellowstone National Park |
Created by:
dancer2024
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