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Science Vocabulary 8
Science Words To Learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Regulation | to control or direct by a rule, principle, method, etc. |
| Stimulus | a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue. |
| Neuron | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
| Impulse | the change of momentum of an object when the object is acted upon by a force for an interval of time. |
| Effector | an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus. |
| Receptors | an organ or cell able to respond to light, heat, or other external stimulus and transmit a signal to a sensory nerve. |
| Response | something constituting a reply or a reaction |
| Neurotransmitters | a chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure. |
| Irritability | a set of equipment used to generate and transmit electromagnetic waves carrying messages or signals, especially those of radio or television. |
| Dendrites | a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body. |
| Cyton (cell body) | the central part of a neuron (cell that sends and receives messages within the brain and nerves) |
| Axon | the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells. |
| Hormones | a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transport in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action. |
| Glands | an organ in the human or animal body which secretes particular chemical substances for use in the body or for discharge into the surroundings. |
| Target cells/tissues/organs | any cell that has a specific receptor for an antigen or antibody or hormone or drug, or is the focus of contact by a virus or phagocyte or nerve fiber etc. |
| Hypothalamus | the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity. |
| Hyposecretion | production of a bodily secretion at an abnormally slow rate or in abnormally small quantities. |
| Hypersecretion | excessive production of a bodily secretion (as gastric acid, mucus, or growth hormone) |
| Feedback mechanism | A loop system in which the system responds to perturbation either in the same direction (positive feedback) or in the opposite direction (negative feedback) |
| Reflex | an action that is performed as a response to a stimulus and without conscious thought. |
| Cerebrum | the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. |
| Cerebellum | the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity. |
| Medulla oblongata | the inner region of an organ or tissue, especially when it is distinguishable from the outer region or cortex (as in a kidney, an adrenal gland, or hair). |
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