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regulation
vocabulary
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Regulation; | is the life process by which organisms respond to changes inside and around them. |
Stimulus; | something that causes a change in the environment which results in a change in an organism to which a response will occur. |
Neuron; | a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell. |
Impulse; | a sudden strong and unreflective urge or desire to act. |
Effector; | body parts that respond to nervous system command, they can be muscles or glands. |
Receptors; | (sense organs) specialized structures sensitive to certain types of stimuli. |
Response; | an action resulting from the stimulus. |
Neurotransmitters; | are brain chemicals that allow transmission of signals from one neuron to another. |
Irritability; | ability of a cell to respond to the environment |
Dendrites; | hair-like structures, which receive impulse(s) first. |
Cyton (cell body); | It is the site for metabolic activities. |
Axon; | long thin structure that carries impulse away from the cell body to an effector( muscle or gland) or other neurons. |
Hormones; | chemical messengers. |
Glands; | organs that secrete substance into or out of the body. |
Target cells/tissues/organs; | glucagon--- liver, parathorme--bones, insulin--liver, muscle and fat cells |
Hypothalamus; | is located in the brain, stimulates the pituitary (master) gland to release hormones when information is receive from the nervous system and it controls the body temperature. |
Hyposecretion; | is a disorder caused by too little hormones. |
Hypersecretion; | is a disorder caused by too much hormones. |
Feedback mechanism; | one change causes another change. |
Reflex; | impulse pathway/ action. |
Cerebrum; | is the largest part of the brain. It has a right and left hemisphere and convolutions (folds), it contains memory, thought, analyzing and the senses. |
Cerebellum; | it means little brain, it maintains balance (equilibrium) and control all voluntary and involuntary movement. |
Medulla oblongata; | is the lowest part of the brain that controls many involuntary activities, for example coughing, heartbeat,breathing, peristalsis, blinking. |