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Cardiac
Heart Sounds
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| S1 | mitral & tricuspid valves closing; heard at apex in end diastole |
| S2 | aortic & pulmonic valves closing; heard at RUSB & LUSB in end systole |
| S3 | ventricular gallop/filling; heard at apex in early diastole |
| S4 | atrial gallop; heard at apex in late diastole |
| murmur | abnormal sound caused by restriction of flow or regurgitation |
| How are murmurs classified? | timing & type |
| How are murmurs described? | intensity, duration, & location |
| systolic murmurs | begins at S1 & ends before S2; classified as regurgitant or ejection |
| diastolic murmurs | occur after S2 |
| ejection click/E | follows S1; AS, PS, bicuspid AV, mechanical valves |
| mid-systolic click/C | follows S1; MV or TV prolapse |
| opening snap/OS | follows S2; MV or TV stenosis |
| tumor plop | follows S2; atrial myxoma popping into MV or TV |
| pericardial friction rub & pericardial knock | follows S2; constrictive pericarditis |
| AS murmur | harsh crescendo/decrescendo heard at RUSB |
| MR murmur | blowing, high pitched heard at the apex |
| AI murmur | blowing, high pitched decrescendo heard at RUSB |
| severe AI murmur | low pitched rumble heard at RUSB |
| MS/TS murmur | opening snap followed by a diastolic rumble heard at apex |
| PDA murmur | machinery sound heard at LUSB |
Created by:
ginaliane
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