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2nd 9 weeks FINAL
corrections for final exam
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Protein Synthesis | process by which the genetic code puts together proteins in the cell |
Transcription | a segment of DNA is copied to make mRNA in the cell's nucleus. |
Nucleotide | the monomer of DNA, composed of a nitrogen base, sugar, and phosphate |
Hydrogen bond | force that holds nitrogen bases together |
Adenine | nitrogen base that pairs with Thymine |
Thymine | nitrogen base that pairs with Adenine |
Cytosine | nitrogen base that pairs with Guanine |
Guanine | nitrogen base that pairs with Cytosine |
Genetic code | common to all organisms, determined by the sequence of bases in the DNA of all living things |
Meiosis | also known as reduction division; process that makes different gametes |
Mitosis | body cell division; makes identical cells |
Nucleic Acid | biomolecule that holds genetic information, monomer is the nucleotide |
Zygote | a diploid cell formed by fertilization |
mRNA | segment of copied DNA that carries the information from the nucleus to the ribosome |
amino acids | building block of all proteins |
Translation | mRNA attaches to the ribosome, and is decoded by tRNA to make proteins |
Mutation | permanent change in a gene or chromosome |
Inherited mutations | occur in the germ line |
Chromosome | condensed DNA wrapped around protein |
Chromosomal Mutation | permanent alteration in the number or structure of a chromosome |
Gene | segment of DNA that codes for a protein |
Allele | different versions of a gene that produce different traits |
Dominant allele | stronger trait that is always expressed |
Recessive allele | weaker trait that is only expressed when second allele is the same |
Genotype | set of 2 alleles for a particular gene |
Phenotype | physical trait that you can observe |
Homozygous | same allele; purebred |
Heterozygous | different alleles; hybrid |