Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Ch. 6 Chem in bio
Chapter 6 vocabulary-Biology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Chemical reaction | Process by which atoms or group of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances. |
| Reactants | The starting substance (left side of arrow). |
| Products | Substance formed during reaction (right side) |
| Activation energy | The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. |
| Catalyst | A substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction. |
| Enzyme | The naturally occurring catalysts that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes. Essential to life. Large protein molecules. Specific to one reaction. Reusable. Shape doesn't change. |
| Substrates | Reactant to which an enyzme binds. |
| Active site | Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme. |
| Macromolecules | Large molecules that are formed by joining smaller, organic molecules together. |
| Polymers | Molecules made from repeating units of identical or nearly identical compounds. |
| Carbohydrates | Store energy and provide structural support. Most common organic molecule. Made cup of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. |
| Lipids | Large, non-polar organic molecules. Non-polor=don't dissolve in water. Function of lipid-long term storage and energy in the body |
| Hydrophobic | Can dissolve in water |
| Saturated Fats | Simple fat molecules that have no double bonds between carbon molecules because they are saturated with hydrogen molecules. Two hydrogen attached to each carbon. Unhealthy fats |
| Unsaturated Fats | Missing at least one hydrogen and are kinked in shape. Healthy fats that includes oils. |
| Bases | Substance that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7. |
| pH | How acidic or basic a solution is. Acidic= pH lower than 7. Neutral pH 6-8 |
| Acids | Substance that releases hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7. |
| Nucleotides | A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. |
| Nucleic acids | Complex macromolecules that store and communicate genetic information. Includes RNA sand DNA. |
| Amino acids | Small compounds that are made of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur. All share the same general structure. |
| Protein | Form muscles, transport O2 and acts as hormones and enzymes. Compound of small carbon compounds called amino acids. Determine how bodies look and function. |
| Energy | All chemical reactions require energy. |
| Exothermic | Reactions that release energy in the form of heat are exothermic. |
| Endothermic | Reactions that absorb energy in the form of heat are endothermic. |
| Carbon | Contained in all living things. |
| Characteristics of organic molecules | 1. Contain carbon 2. Make small molecules at first. 3. Bond together to form larger molecules (polymers) 4. Each kind of organic molecule is built from a single type of building block. |
| Form of molecule | Determines their function. Shape determines how they will behave and react with other molecules |
| Monosaccharides | Sugars that consist of carbon rings. |
| Disaccharide | Two sugars combined. |
| Polysaccharide | Many sugars joined together. |
| Classes of carbohydrate polysaccharides | Starch (quick energy), glycogen (food storage in animals), cellulose (structural support in plants). |
| Amino Acids | Building block of protein joined through a peptide bond. Contain 5 parts: central carbon atom, carboxyl group, amino group, variable 'R' group. Shape and sequence of the R group control the shape and function of the protein. |
| Fatty Acid | Building block of lids |
| DNA | Blueprint of life-contains instructions on how to make unique set of proteins. |
| RNA | Copy of DNA. Necessary to carry instructions from DNA to the cytoplasm where the protein is made. |
| Nucleotides | Monomer of nucleic acid made of of 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen base |
| Substrates | Reactants that bind to an enzyme |
| Active Site | The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme. |
| Optimal temperature for enzyme activity | Thirty-seven degrees Fahrenheit |
| Products | Are on the right side of the arrow |
| Reactants | Chemical reactants are on the left side of the arrow. |
| Elements | Both sides of a chemical equation have the same number of elements |
Created by:
AKovach
Popular Biology sets