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Chapter 13
Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles
Question | Answer |
---|---|
genetics | scientific study of heredity and inherited variation |
genes | offspring with coded information in the form of hereditary units |
gametes | reproductive cells |
asexual reproduction | a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes |
clone | a group of genetically identical individuals |
homologous chromosomes | carrying genes controlling same inherited characteristics |
haploid cells | single set of chromosomes; 23 |
fertilization | union of gametes,culminating in fusion of their nuclei |
what cells can undergo meiosis? | diploid |
Meiosis I main function | separates homologous chromosomes |
What stages are in Meiosis I? | -Prophase I -Metaphase I -Anaphase I -Telophase I and Cytokinesis |
Prophase I | -centrosome movement, spindle formation -cross over: nonsister chromatids are broken and rejoined |
Metaphase I | -arranged homologous chromsomes, one pair facing each pole |
Anaphase I | -protein breakdown -homologs move opposite poles |
Telophase I and Cytokinesis | -haploids -cleavage furrow |
Meiosis II main function | separate sister chromatids |
What stages are in Meiosis II? | -Prophase II -Metaphase II -Anaphase II -Telophase II & Cytokinesis |
Prophase II | -form spindle apparatus |
Metaphase II | Metaphase plate |
Anaphase II | protein breakdown, allow chromatids to separate |
Telophase II and Cytokinesis | chromosomes begin decondensing , nuclei form |