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Plant processes
SOL 7.5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct. |
| Respiration | a process in living organisms involving the production of energy, typically with the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide from the oxidation of complex organic substances. |
| Stomata | In botany, a stoma, also called a stomata, is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange. |
| Guard cells | each of a pair of curved cells that surround a stoma, becoming larger or smaller according to the pressure within the cells. |
| Chlorophyll | a green pigment, present in all green plants and in cyanobacteria, responsible for the absorption of light to provide energy for photosynthesis. Its molecule contains a magnesium atom held in a porphyrin ring. |
| Chloroplast | Chloroplasts are organelles that conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight, converts it, and stores it in the energy-storage molecules ATP and NADPH. |
| Light dependent reaction | The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. |
| Light independent reaction | The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. |
| Energy pyramid | An ecological pyramid is a graphical representation designed to show the biomass or bio productivity at each trophic level in a given ecosystem. |
| Producer | Producers are organisms that make their own food; they are also known as autotrophs. |
| Mitochondrian | The mitochondrion is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms. Some cells in some multicellular organisms may, however, lack them. |
| Autotruphs | an organism that is able to form nutritional organic substances from simple inorganic substances such as carbon dioxide. |
| Consumers | An organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to lack of the ability to manufacture own food from inorganic sources; a heterotroph. |
| Herbivore | an animal that feeds on plants. |
| omnivores | an animal or person that eats food of both plant and animal origin. |
| heterotrophs | an organism deriving its nutritional requirements from complex organic substances. |
| carnivores | an animal that feeds on flesh |
| decomposers | an organism, especially a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decomposes organic material. a device or installation that is used to break down a chemical substance. |
| Spongy layer | a layer of loosely packed and irregularly shaped chlorophyll-bearing cells that fills the part of a leaf between the palisade layer and the lower epidermis -- called also spongy parenchyma, spongy tissue. |
| Palisade layer | Palisade cells are plant cells located in leaves, right below the epidermis and cuticle. They are vertically elongated, a different shape from the spongy mesophyll cells beneath them in the leaf. Their chloroplasts absorb a major portion of the light ener |
| Raw materials | Raw materials are materials or substances used in the primary production or manufacturing of goods. Raw materials are often referred to as commodities, which are bought and sold on commodities exchanges worldwide. |
| oxygen | A colorless, tasteless, oderless, gaseous element that abounds in the atmosphere. Supplement. In chemistry, oxygen is an element with an atomic weight of 15.96. It is capable of combining with all elements, with the exception of fluorine, to form oxides, |
| Carbon dioxide | arbon dioxide is a colorless, odorless gas found in our atmosphere. Its chemical formula is CO2, which means it is one carbon atom bonded to two oxygen atoms. It is a waste product in our bodies and is also produced by burning fossil fuels. |
| Portfolios, questioning | Portfolio is partly based on the Latin folium, meaning "leaf, sheet". A portfolio usually represents a portable showcase of your talents. Today actual portfolios are used less than they used to be by artists, since most commercial artists have a Web site |
| Glucose | Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances. Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream. Several horm |
| Products | 2. ( chemistry) a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; "a product of lime and nitric acid" 3. ( cell biology) a cellular product is something "manufactured" by an organelle (such as the Golgi apparatus |
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