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Stack #2925739
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the functions of the Spinal Cord? | Conduction, Reflexes, Neural intergration, locomotion |
| What is the function of astrocytes in the Blood Brain Barrier? | They have tight junctions that between them that make them impermeable to blood. |
| What is the function of the Blood Brain Barrier? | Maintain stable environment for the brain and protect from toxins |
| How many ml of blood does the ependymal replace and how often? | 150 ml every 8 hrs |
| What can be a fault of the limbic system being activated? | pissing on the self |
| What is the cingulate gyrus of the limbic system responsible for? | expressing emotion, gives gestures, resolving conflict |
| What is the Amygdaloid body responsible for? | recognizes angry or fearful expression (danger) |
| What does the limbic system include? | Amygdaloid body and cingulate gyrus |
| What is the major function of the limbic system? | motion |
| What are the 2 functional brain systems? | Limbic system and reticular formation |
| What lines the ventricles and circulate CSF? | Ependymal cells |
| What is found in all 4 ventricles and produce the CSF? | Choroid plexus |
| How does the CSF protect the brain? | It acts as a liquid cushion and allows the brain to float. It protects from trauma and nourishes it |
| What helps protect the brain? | CSF, Meninges, Blood Brain Barrier |
| Expressions linked to a memory | emotional memory |
| Riding a bike is an example of what type of memory? | motor memory |
| Skill (playing an instrument) | Procedural memory |
| How can you transfer info from STM to LTM? | Rehersal, conditional state, association, automatic transfer |
| Unlimited capacity | Long term memory |
| Limited to 7-8 pieces of info | Short term memory |
| 2 stages of storage in Declarative memory | LTM, STM |
| Memory of facts (names, faces,words) | Declarative memory |
| What are the different types of memory? | Declarative, procedural, emotional, motor |
| What are the 2 regions of the language function? | Brooks area, Wernickes area |
| What does the language function involve? | almost all of the association cortex of the left hemisphere |
| What are the 2 higher mental functions? | Language, memory |
| What is the Reticular formation inhibited by? | sleep centers, drugs, alcohol |
| What is the function of Reticular formation? | send impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep you alert, filter out repetitive info and weak stimuli (99%) |
| Describe the anatomy of the spinal cord | Stretches from brain stem to the first lumbar vertebrae and at L1 it tapers off into the medullary cone. |
| Cauda Equine are what and extend to where? | spinal root bundles and S5 of the sacrum |
| What does the spinal cord give rise to ? | spinal nerves |
| From the spinal cord is what? | Anterior root or posterior root, they come together to form the spinal nerves |
| The meninges surround what? | spinal cord and roots |
| What is the gap between the arachnoid and pia mater with CSF that a spinal cap is taken from | Subarachnoid space (L3-L5) |
| At the cross section of the spinal cord, describe the grey and white matter | white is on the outside, grey on the inside |
| Ascending tracts | send info up the spinal cord |
| Descending tracts | carry info down the spinal cord |
| What does many of the tracts undergo? | decussation |
| In the ascending tracts, where are the receptors for body movement, limb positions, touch and pressure decussate at? | medulla |
| Where is the receptors for pain, heat and cold decussate in the ascending tracts? | spinal cord |
| In the ascending tracts, from the origin to their destination in the brain, the impulse travels across how many neurons? | 3 |
| The neurons that detect a stimulus to spinal cord/ brainstem are? | 1st order neurons |
| The neurons that carry it to the brainstem are the? | 2nd order neurons |
| Carry signal to the cerebral cortex in the ascending tracts | 3rd oder neurons |
| Descending tracts involve how many neurons? | 2 |
| Explain the function of the 2 neurons in the descending tracts | upper motor neurons in the soma in cerebral cortex or brainstem go to the axon and terminates on a lower motor neuron in the brainstem or spinal cord |
| Grey matter of the spinal cord is the | Intergrating center |
| What are the types of horns that the grey matter have? | 2 anterior, 2 posterior, 2 lateral |
| What does the grey matter contain? | interneurons and cell bodies of affarent and efferent nerve fibers |
| Explain what happens with the grey matter from the spinal cord | branches into posterior root (dorsal) and anterior root |
| What do the posterior roots do? | carry sensory fibers to the spinal cord that enter posterior horn |
| What is the function of the anterior horn? | contain somas from somatic motor neurons and the info goes to the anterior root then to the somatic motor neurons |
| there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves which include | 2 cervical (c1-c8), 12 thoracic (t1-t12). 5 lumber(l1-l5), 5 sacral(s1-s5), 1 coccygeal(co1) |
| The spinal nerves split into what? | anterior ramus and posterior rams that lead away from the spinal cord |
| The posterior ramus innervates the | muscles, joints, skin |
| In the anterior rami, the spinal nerves of the thoracic region form? | intercostal nerves |
| The other nerves in the anterior rami form the | 5 plexuses |
| The 5 plexuses are | cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal |
| Describe the cervical plexus | (c1-c5) includes the phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm. mostly includes head, neck, face, shoulder, chest. somatosensory nerves . |
| Describe the brachial plexus | includes spinal nerves c5-t1, to innervates upper limb, neck and shoullder. merge together to form trunks (upper middle lower) |
| Describe the lumber plexus | L1-L4 innervates the lower limb |
| Describe the sacral plexus | L4-S5 and coccygeal S4,S5,CO1 innervates hip and lower limb, contains sciatic nerve |
| What is a dermatome map? | is a diagram that identifies dermatomes, or areas of skin that are innervated by a single nerve, and their corresponding nerve roots along the length of the spinal column. |
Created by:
cdixon10
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