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Ecology term1 uni
First term of ecolgy at uni
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Net productive rate | How many offspring. R=1 is deaths= births |
| Exponential growth | Population increase in an unlimited env. Rate doubles |
| Emigration | Individuals moving out of an area. |
| Fecundity | Reproductive output |
| Carrying capacity | The highest amount of individuals a pop. and conditions can support |
| Inflection point | Where pop. growth is max/ starts to slow down |
| Competition | The rivalry between 2 individuals for resources |
| Homeostatic feedback | A change that individual makes itself |
| Lag | The wait in time for the predators to breed due to there being prey |
| Average density | Total number of individuals/ total size of habitat |
| Foraging cycle | Process a predator takes to get food. Assess, pursue, handle, search |
| Handling cycle | The pursing, capturing and subduing the prey |
| Inverse density dependence | When prey in high density has less chance of being affected |
| Inverse/ negative response | Predator pop. decreases in relation to prey pop. |
| Intraspecific | Winthin the same species |
| Competition | Interactions between individuals- shared requirement for resources |
| Exploitation competition | No interaction between individuals- respond to resources, left as a result of shortages |
| Interference competition | Interact directly e.g. Territory defence, courtship rituals |
| Density dependent mortality | More crowding= more mortality |
| Undercompensating density dependence | When the mortality is not enough for the increase rate in density (pop. increases) |
| Overcompensating density dependence | When the mortality is more than enough for the increase rate in density (pop. decreases) |
| Exactly compensating density dependence | When it is exactly the right amount |
| Net recruitment | Difference between deaths and births |
| Logistic growth | S shaped pop curve e.g. Willow trees and mixy |
| Scramble competition | High densities of individuals compete for resources and get an equal share- may starve |
| Contest competition | Mortality compensates exactly for increases in density, so there are a constant number of survivors. |
| Negative competition | Density is more eyes to the sky and safety in numbers |
| Social pressure | Higher density increases SP stress triggers e.g. plants |
| Disperse | The permanent movement an individual makes from its b-place to the place where it reproduces. |
| Presaturation dispersal | When K is not reached. Dispersal are DD |
| Saturation dispersal | When K is wexceeded- juveniles and sub dominants have 2 choices, stay (perish or not breed) or leave |
| Migrate | Movement of large numbers of a species moving, leaving none behind e.g. behind migrations to Africa and UK. |
| Standing crop | The bodies of living organisms within a unit area constitute a standing crop of biomass |
| Biomass | THis is the mass of organisms per uit area of ground or water. |
| Energy | Joules per metre^-2 |
| Dry organic matter | Tonnes per hectare^-1 |
| Gross primary production | Total fixation of energy |
| Respiratory heat | Where energy is wasted (through respiration) |
| Net primary productivity | GPP- RH= NPP |
| Pyramid of biomass | Classic pyramid shape |
| Primary producer | Plants. Get's it's energy from the sun |
| Primary consumer | Eats primary producer |
| Secondary consumer | Eats primary consumer |
| Tertiary consumer | Eats secondary consumer |
| Quaternary consumer | Eats tertiary consumer |
| Efficient | How much energy is useful |
| Immigration | individuals leaving an area/ community |
| Unitary organism | Type of organism where they are highly determinate |
| Modular organism | Type of organism where they are not determinate |
| Gennet | Term used to indentify the genetic material |
| Semelparous | individuals have only 1 period of reproductive output within their life- after which they die |
| Iteroparous | individuals have more than 1 reproductive event |
| Precocial | Young move about e.g. Duckling |
| Semi- precocial | Remains in nest/ home e.g. deer, horse |
| Altricil | Young are helpless and naked |
| Semi- altricial | Takes a while for eyes to open e.g. fox, cat |
| Annual | Annual lifecycles take approx. 12 months or less to compete |
| Discrete | What generations are, each generation is distinguishable form another |
| Energy cost | What is the female adults going to divide her energy trough movement, growth and breeding |
| Parental investment | Want as most as possible. Can't exceed resources or reduce their's or their own survival |
| Life table | Table to show births, mortality, migration, survivors through time |
| Basic reproductive rate | Mean number of offspring of the first stage in the life cycle produced per individual by the end of the cohort |
| Static life table | A snapshot of population at 1 time |
Created by:
Tom541190
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