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LV Function
Cardiac Fall 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is one of the best ways to evaluate heart function? | LV diastolic function |
| What do we evaluate for Ejection Fraction? | LV systolic function |
| What is the most widely used M-mode method to determine LV volumes & EF? | Teichholz method |
| What is the most accurate 2D method used to determine LV volumes & EF? | Simpson's biplane method |
| What is the most accurate method used to determine LV volumes & EF? | 3D |
| What is defined as the frame preceding MV opening when the LV is the smallest? | end systole |
| What is defined as the onset of QRS, after MV closure, when the LV is the largest? | end diastole |
| What is a normal measurement range for both IVS & PWT? | 0.6cm - 1cm |
| What gives us an index of LV systolic function using internal dimensions or diameters in both systole & diastole? | fractional shortening |
| What do we call the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle during one cardiac cycle? | stroke volume |
| What is the formula for stroke volume? | 0.785 x DLVOT squared x VTI LVOT |
| What do we call the volume of blood pumped out of the ventricle in one minute? | cardiac output |
| What is the formula for cardiac output? | stroke volume x heart rate |
| What do we call the cardiac output indexed to the patient's body surface area? | cardiac index |
| When we pulse wave just below the aortic valve in an apical 5, what do we call the time from valve opening to peak velocity? | ejection acceleration time |
| What is a normal EF? | 60% |
| What is the formula for the single plane area method for LV volume? | 0.85 x area squared/length |
| LV Mass is an important prognostic indicator for patients with what? | systemic hypertension |
| What 3 things do we need to know calculating LV mass using the ASE method? | left ventricular internal dimension, posterior wall thickness, & interventricular septum dimension |
| What does volume overload cause? | eccentric hypertrophy; causes dilation of chamber & a decreased wall thickness |
| What does pressure overload cause? | concentric hypertrophy; causes LVH & increased wall thickness |
| What could contribute to volume overload? | aortic insufficiency |
| What could contribute to pressure overload? | hypertension, aortic stenosis |
| Are stroke volumes in a normal heart equal on the right & left side? | yes |
| The process of filling the ventricle is dependent upon creating & maintaining what between the LV & LA? | a pressure gradient |
| What is a main physiologic consequence of diastolic dysfunction? | elevated filling pressures |
| Why do we pulse wave the mitral valve? | to determine diastolic function |
| If peak E velocity is less than peak A velocity & the deceleration time is prolonged, what grade of diastolic dysfunction is there? | Grade 1 |
| Pulsed wave through the MV gives us what ratio? | E to A ration |
| Pulsed wave through the pulmonary vein gives us what velocities? | S, D, & A velocities |
| What do we use tissue doppler for in an apical 4? | MV annular velocities |
Created by:
ginaliane
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