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Cardiac PhysiologyII
Cardiac Fall 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List pulmonary circulation flow. | RA to RV to MPA to right & left branches to lungs (gas exchange occurs here) to pulmonary veins to LA |
| List systemic circulation flow. | LA to LV to aorta to arteries to arterioles to capillaries (gas exchange happens here) to venules to veins to IVC/SVS to RA |
| Which type has higher pressure, greater resistance, & thicker walls? | systemic |
| O2 saturation is the greatest where? | pulmonary veins |
| O2 saturation is the lowest where? | SVC |
| How can we directly measure intracardiac pressures? | catheterization |
| What type of catheter is used to measure RV & MPA pressures? | Swan Ganz catheter |
| Increased pulmonary pressures can lead to this build up of fluid in the alveoli? | pulmonary edema |
| What are some main causes of ventricular overload & hypertrophy? | Stenosis of the AV or PV |
| What can lead to peripheral edema? | TV stenosis |
| What often goes along with pulmonary HTN? | MV stenosis |
| List some ways to alter cardiac physiology. | Exercise, body position, Valsalva Maneuver, Mueller's Maneuver, Amyl Nitrite Inhalation, Carotid sinus massage |
| What is accomplished with the Valsalva Maneuver? | Increased intrathoracic pressure & heart rate; decreased venous return, cardiac output, & BP |
| What does Valsalva Maneuver allow us to better see? | signs of LVOT obstruction & MV prolapse |
| Which phase of Valsalva shows the desired effect for evaluation? | phase 2 |
| What detects changes in pressure in the body? | baroreceptors |
| What detects chemical changes in the body? | chemoreceptors |
| What hormones cause vasoconstriction of vessels? | epinephrine, norepinephrine, angiotensin 2 |
| What are the 2 branches of the autonomic nervous system? | sympathetic & parasympathetic |
| Which response comes from the Vagus nerve? | parasympathetic |
| Where is the cardiac center in the brain? | medulla oblongata |
| Which type of nerve supply transmits orders from the medulla oblongata to the cardiovascular system? | motor/efferent |
| Which type of nerve supply transmits signals from the cardiovascular system to the medulla oblongata? | sensory/afferent |
| Coronary blood supply goes from what layer to what layer in the heart? | from epicardium to endocardium |
| Coronary blood flow occurs mostly during which cardiac phase? | diastole |
| What are some factors that influence coronary flow? | HR, diastolic BP, aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, coronary obstruction |
| Coronary flow happens least during which cardiac phase? | isovolumic contraction |
Created by:
ginaliane
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