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U3 - Genetics
Reproduction and Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| genetics | the study of heredity, or passing on of traits from an organism to its offspring |
| Gregor Mendel | the Father of Genetics - he experimented with pea plants to learn how traits are passed on |
| trait | a specific characteristic of an organism that is expressed by genes and can be influenced by the environment |
| offspring | the new organism that is produced by a parent organism |
| heredity | the passing of genetic information from generation to generation |
| gene | a unit of heredity; a portion of DNA on a chromosome that contains certain traits |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | a chemical found on a chromosome that contains genes |
| dominant | describes a trait that dominates, or covers over, another form of that trait |
| capital letter | represents a dominant trait |
| recessive | describes a trait that is covered over by a dominant trait |
| lower case letter | represents a recessive trait |
| chromosome | rod shaped structures found in the nucleus of every cell that contains DNA |
| 23 | the number of pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of human cells |
| 46 | the total number of chromosomes in the nucleus of human cells |
| genotype | the written letters that describe the physical appearance of an organism |
| 2 | the number of letters that make up a genotype - TT, Tt, tt |
| phenotype | the words that describe the physical appearance - tall, short |
| diverse offspring | offspring that are genetically different and have different traits |
| uniform offspring | offspring that are genetically alike and have the same traits |
| genetically identical | exact genetic copies - all DNA is identical |
| heterozygous | two forms or variations of a gene - Bb, Gg, Tt - one dominant and one recessive |
| homozygous | two of the same form or variation of a gene - both dominant BB or both recessive bb |
| hybrid | another name for heterozygous |
| pure (or purebred) | another name for homozygous |
| mutation | a change in DNA that is the main cause of diversity in organisms |
| diverse | different |
| variation | the diversity (difference) in organisms |
| environmental change | factors such as food, drugs, and exposure to toxins that can change the DNA of an organism |
| allele | the two forms of a gene - T,t or D,d |
Created by:
Blackcat8765
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