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Biochemestry Voca
Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organic compound | an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon. |
| Inorganic compound | compound that is not organic compound. Some simple compounds that contain carbon are often considered inorganic |
| Carbohydrate(s) | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. |
| Protein(s) | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms |
| Lipid(s) | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. |
| Enzyme(s) | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Amino acid(s) | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group. |
| Simple sugars | monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. |
| Disaccharide | any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues. |
| Ribonucleic acid- | RNA |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid | DNA |
| Polysaccharide | a carbohydrate (e.g., starch, cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| Glycogen | a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates. It is a polysaccharide that forms glucose on hydrolysis |
| Peptide | a compound consisting of two or more amino acids linked in a chain, the carboxyl group of each acid being joined to the amino group of the next by a bond of the type -OC-NH-. |
| Catalyst | a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change |
| Denature | destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation. |
| Hydrolysis | the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. |
| Dehydration synthesis | he process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following the removal of water. |
| Substrate(s) | a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular. |
| Nucleotide(s | a substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular. |
| Fatty acids and glycerol | Fatty acids are fairly long linear hydrocarbon chains with a carboxylic acid group at one end. |
| Dipeptide | a peptide composed of two amino-acid residues. |
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