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Biochemistry

Biochemistry Vocabulary

TermDefinition
pH is a scale of acidity from 0 to 14. It tells how acidic or alkaline a substance is.
Enzyme are large complex protein molecules that control the rate of chemical reactions. Enzymes are organic catalysts in cellular chemical reactions.
Substrate the substance on which an enzyme acts.
Active site is the region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Denature destroy the characteristic properties of (a protein or other biological macromolecule) by heat, acidity, or other effects that disrupt its molecular conformation.
Acid Rain precipitation that is unusually acidic. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals and infrastructure.
Acid compound capable of donating a hydrogen (H+) ion to a water molecule. Can taste sour.
Neutral a solution, a chemical solution which is neither acidic nor basic.
Base (alkalinity) are substances that, in aqueous solution, release hydroxide (OH−) ions, are slippery to the touch, can taste bitter.
Biochemistry branch of science that studies metabolic reaction in organisms.
Element a material which cannot be broken down or changed into another substance using chemical means. Examples: H, C, O.
Compound substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements. Examples H2O, CO2
Organic compound Are compounds that contain C & H together.
Inorganic compound H2O is an example of this type of compound.
carbohydrates are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Lipids organic compounds that are oily to the touch and insoluble in water. They are a source of stored energy and are a component of cell membranes.
Proteins their building blocks are amino acids
Enzymes Catalysts
Hydrolysis addition of water to break a large organic molecule.
Dehydration Synthesis removal of parts of water from small molecules to put together a large molecule.
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