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Science Vocabulary 3
Science Words To Learn
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cytology | A branch of biology that studies the structure and function of plant and animal cells. |
| Organelles | Any of the specialized structures within a cell that perform a specific function. |
| Cells | The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms, the smallest unit of life. |
| Cytoplasm | The jelly-like substance of the cell, contains all organelles and cell parts. |
| Plasma Membrane | A biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space). |
| Cell Wall | The outermost layer of cells in plants, bacteria, fungi, and many algae that gives shape to the cell and protects it from infection. |
| Chloroplasts | Plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis |
| Mitochondria | The powerhouses of the cell. |
| Nucleus | An organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. |
| Nucleolus | The round granular structure within the nucleus of a cell, composed of proteins, DNA, and RNA, and functions primarily for the creation of ribosomes |
| Ribosomes | A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | A network of tubular membranes within the cytoplasm of the cell, occurring either with a smooth surface (smooth endoplasmic reticulum) or studded with ribosomes (rough endoplasmic reticulum) , involved in the transport of materials. |
| Golgi Bodies | An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells, sorting and processing proteins. |
| Vacuoles | A membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of a cell whose function includes intracellular secretion, excretion, storage, and digestion. |
| Lysosomes | An organelle that is surrounded by a membrane, has an acidic interior, and contains hydrolytic enzymes that break down food molecules, especially proteins and other complex molecules. |
| Centrioles | A small, cylindrical cell organelle, seen near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, that divides in perpendicular fashion during mitosis. |
| Virus(es) | A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. |
| Diffusion (Passive Transport) | A process by which an ion or molecule passes through a cell wall via a concentration gradient, or from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration, in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. |
| Active Transport | The direction opposite that of diffusion, that is from an area of lower concentration to one of higher concentration,the assistance of a type of protein called a carrier protein, using energy supplied by ATP. |
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell - often a phagocyte or a protist - engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome. |
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