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Cell Cycle
Vocab
Term | Definition |
---|---|
cell cycle | the process by which cells grow and divide to produce more cells. |
mitosis | the phase of the eukaryotic cells cycle in which a single cell in which a single cell divides into two cells |
interphase | the longest phase of the cell cycle, in which the cell grows, performs its functions, and, if it is going to divide, replicates its DNA |
prophase | the first phase of mitosis in which chromosomes condense, becoming visible, the nuclear membrane dissolve, and the chromosomes move to opposite ends of the nucleus and spindle fibers form. |
metaphase | the phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up along an imaginary line (the metaphase plate) in the middle of the cell. |
anaphase | the phase of mitosis in which spindle fibers begin to shorten, separating the sister chromatids, and pulling them to opposite ends of the cell. |
telophase | the phase of mitosis in which the genetic material has been separated, and the nuclear membrane begins to reform to create two separate, but identical, nuclei. |
cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm into two separate cells during cellular replication. |
DNA replication | the synthesis of a new DNA molecule that has the same nucleotide sequences as a pre-existing DNA molecule. |
cancer | a disease resulting from the uncontrolled growth and division of the cells of a multicellular organism. |
binary fission | a form of a sexual reproduction where a single-celled organism replicates its DNA and divides into identical cells. |
somatic cell | a cell that is not part of the germ line (does not give rise to gametes). |
stem cell | an undifferentiated cell that can differentiate into one or more specialized cell types or divide to produce more undifferentiated cells |