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Cardiac Embryology
Cardiac Fall
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The heart, blood vessels, & blood cells develop from what embryonic germ layer? | splanchnic mesoderm |
| How long does it take to form the primitive heart tube? | 22 days +/- 1 day |
| How does blood flow in the primitive heart tube? | caudally to cephalic |
| What are the parts of the primitive heart tube from caudal to cephalic? | Aortic sac/arches, truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, primitive left ventricle, primitive atrium, sinus venosus & embryonic cardinal veins |
| What does the Truncus arteriosus become? | the aortic/pulmonary septation & aortic & pulmonary trunks |
| What does the Bulbus Cordis become? | right ventricle |
| What does the right sinus venosus become? | The SVC & IVC |
| What does the left sinus venosus become? | pulmonary veins & coronary sinus |
| What is considered normal looping of the heart? | D-Looping/Dextral looping- to the right |
| Levocardia | apex of the heart is situated on the left side of the body |
| dextrocardia | apex of the heart is situated on the right side of the body |
| How many aortic arch pairs are there? | 6 |
| What becomes of aortic arch III? | It becomes the left & right common & internal carotids |
| What becomes of aortic arch IV? | It becomes the right subclavian artery & the transverse aortic arch |
| What becomes of aortic arch VI? | It becomes the pulmonary trunk & arteries, as well as the ductus arteriosus |
| When does septation begin? | Day 28 |
| When does septation end? | end of Week 7 |
| What initiates septation in the truncus arteriosus? | neural crest cells |
| What grows from the apex of the ventricle up toward the atrioventricular canal? | IVS |
| What develops at the atrioventricular canal & eventually joins the IVS? | endocardial cushion tissue |
| What is the opening between the ECT & IVS before they join? | Interventricular foramen |
| What is the first partition to appear in the atrium? | septum primum |
| The ECT develops & extends toward the septum primum, but does not connect. What is the hole between called? | foramen primum or ostium primum |
| What is the second partition to form in the atrium? | septum secundum |
| The septum primum forms a flap over this? | foramen ovale |
| What acts as a shunt allowing blood to pass directly from the RA to the LA? | foramen ovale |
| What is the only fetal vessel to carry fully oxygenated blood? | umbilical veins |
| What are the 3 fetal shunts? | ductus venosus, foramen ovale, & ductus arteriosus |
| What do these shunts become following birth? | ligamentum venosum, fossa ovalis, & ligamentum arteriosum |
| List order of fetal circulation beginning with placenta. | Placenta to umbilical vein to ductus venosus to IVC to RA to foramen ovale to LA to LV to Aorta to internal iliacs to umbilical arteries back to placenta; some blood goes from RA to RV to left pulmonary artery to ductus arteriosus to aorta |
| What is the only organ to receive fully oxygenated blood in fetal circulation? | liver |
Created by:
ginaliane
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