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Biology for HESI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What molecule is the simplest form of sugar? | Monosaccharides are the simplest sugars that make up carbohydrates. They're important for cellular respiration |
| What type of macromolecule contains genetic info that can be passed to subsequent generations? | Nucleic acids include DNA & RNA which are strands of nucleotides that contains genetic information |
| What's the primary unit of inheritance between generations of an organism? | Genes are the primary unit of inheritance between generations of an organism |
| Which one of Mendel's laws theorizes that the alleles for different traits are NOT linked & can be inherited independently of one another? | The Law of Independent Assortment states that the alleles for different traits are inherited independently of one another |
| What does an element's atomic number indicate? | Protons. An element's atomic number refers to the number of protons in the element |
| What is a distinct characteristic of gas? | Gases are easy to compress |
| What characteristic of a liquid allows it to have surface tension? | Cohesion, it's the attraction of liquid molecules to each other |
| What type of solid has a symmetrical pattern of molecules within it? | Crystalline solids have molecules arranged in symmetrical pattern |
| Which characteristic of lipids causes them to not mix with water molecules? | Hydrophobic. Lipids are made up of long hydrocarbon chains |
| Which layer of protein structure is responsible for the sequence of amino acids? | Primary. The primary structure of proteins refers to the sequence of amino acids |
| In which type of reaction are complex molecules broken down into smaller, simpler molecules? | Catabolic. Catabolic reactions entail the breakdown of complex molecules into smaller molecules, with more energy being released at the end of the reaction |
| Which molecule is an essential part of all metabolic pathways? | ATP. ATP is used by most organisms as a direct source of energy |
| What feature do plant cells have that's lacking in animal cells? | Cell wall. Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall made up of fibrous polysaccharides & proteins in addition to a phospholipid bilayer membrane |
| What part of the cell contains the cell's DNA? | Nucleus. A cell's DNA is contained within the nucleus of the cell |
| Which molecule starts the citric acid cycle? | Pyruvate. Before the citric acid cycle starts, glucose converts to pyruvate which is the molecule that enters the citric acid cycle |
| What is the one type of molecule that's used to transport electrons in anaerobic respiration? | Sulfate. Sulfate and nitrate accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain in anaerobic respiration |
| Which substance is converted into chemical energy during photosynthesis? | Light. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy |
| Why is cellular reproduction essential for an organism? | It makes changes to the organism's DNA |
| What are the string-like structures that humans carry their genetic information on called? | Chromosomes. Chromosomes contain all of a human's genetic information |
| Name a situation when codominance of alleles occurs | When both alleles of the gene are expressed equally |
| Which pairing represents a correct DNA base pairing? A. Thymine-guanine B. Adenine-cytosine C. Adenine-guanine D. Guanine-cytosine | Guanine and cytosine pair together in DNA, as do adenine and thymine |
| When is mutation considered hereditary? | When the sequence was present in the parent gene. Hereditary mutations are passed down from the parent gene, where the sequence alteration was already present. |
| Which carbohydrate consists of 1700 to 600,000 glucose units & isn't water soluble & can be stored for long periods of time? | Glycogen. Glycogen is a long polymer of glucose molecules |
| What is a triglyceride? | One glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid molecules |
| What is a phospholipid? | Two fatty acid molecules bonded to one glycerol molecule |
| What are the basic macromolecules of the biological system? | Lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins |
| What are the main types of lipids? | Triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids |
| What is the primary protein structure? | A sequence of a chain of amino acids |
| What is the secondary protein structure? | When the sequence of amino acids are linked by hydrogen bonds |
| What is the tertiary protein structure? | When certain attractions are present between helices and pleated sheets |
| What is the quaternary protein structure? | A protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain |
| What is a anabolic reaction? | Simpler molecules that are combined and built up into larger, more complex molecules |
| What is Photosynthesis? | A set of reactions that occur to convert light energy into chemical energy |
| What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis? | Light reactions and the Calvin cycle |
| What is the Calvin cycle? | The set of chemical reactions that take place in chloroplasts during photosynthesis |
| What are the 3 phases of the Calvin cycle? | Carbon fixation, reduction, and regeneration of the CO2 acceptor. |
| What is an allele? | One, two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome |
| What is a Nucleus? | It contains the DNA of the cell |
| What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)? | A network of tubules and membranous sacs that are responsible for the metabolic and synthetic activities of the cell |
| What is a Mitochondrion? | It's the powerhouse of the cell; maintains regular cell function and is known as the |
| What is the Golgi Apparatus? | It's where cell products are synthesized, modified, sorted and secreted out of the cell |
| What are Ribosomes? | They produce proteins within the cell |
Created by:
ledsingt
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