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Ch. 2 Prin. of Ecol
Organisms and Their Relationships; Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| ecology | scientific study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environments |
| biosphere | portion of the earth that supports life |
| biotic factors | living factors in an organism's environment |
| abiotic factors | non-living factors in an organism's environment |
| examples of abiotic factors | sun, water, soil |
| levels of organization (6) | organism, population, biological community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere |
| population | organisms of the same species that share the same geological location at the same time |
| biological community | groups of interacting populations that occupy the same geological area at the same time |
| ecosystem | a biological community and all of the abiotic factors that affect it |
| biome | large group of ecosystems that share the same climate and have similar types of communities |
| habitat | an area where an organism lives |
| niche | the role or position that an organism has in its environment |
| determining a niche | based on how an organism meets its needs for food, shelter and reproduction |
| competition | when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time |
| predation | the act of one organism pursuing and consuming another organism for food |
| symbiosis | the close relationship that exists when two or more species live together |
| community interactions (3) | competition, predation, symbiotic relationships |
| types of symbiotic relationships (3) | mutualism, commensalism, parasitism |
| mutualism | a relationship between two or more species that live closely together and benefit each other |
| commensalism | relationship in which one species is helped and the other is neither helped nor harmed |
| parasitism | relationship where one species is helped and the other is harmed |
| autotroph | organism that use light or chemical energy to produce their own food |
| heterotroph | organism that gets its energy from consuming other organisms |
| herbivore | heterotroph that only eats plants |
| carnivore | heterotroph that only eats animals |
| omnivore | heterotroph that eats both plants and animals |
| detritivore | eat fragments of dead matter and return the nutrients to the soil |
| decomposer | break down dead or decaying matter |
| trophic level | each step in a food chain or food web |
| energy used per trophic level | 90% of the energy is used in each trophic level and only 10% is passed to the level above it |
| food chain | simple model showing how energy flows through an ecosystem |
| food web | model representing the many interconnected food chains and pathways in which energy flows through a group of organisms |
| direction of the arrow in a food chain or food web | shows the direction in which the energy is transferred |
| biomass | total mass of living matter at each trophic level; decreases at each level |
Created by:
rajeckit
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