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Ch. 4 Population Eco
Population Ecology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| population density | number of organisms per unit area |
| dispersion | the pattern of spacing of a population within an area |
| types of dispersion (3) | random, clumping, uniform |
| population growth factors (6) | natality, mortality, density-independent factors, density-dependent factors, immigration, emigration |
| natality | birth rate |
| mortality | death rate |
| immigration | movement of organisms into a population |
| emigration | movement of organisms out of a population |
| density-dependent factors | biotic factors in an environment that affect size specific population |
| density-independent factors | abiotic factors in an environment that can affect a population |
| examples of density-dependent factors (3) | disease, competition, parasites |
| examples of density-independent factors (3) | extreme heat/cold, major weather events, flooding/drought |
| population | all the individuals of a species that live together in an area |
| exponential growth | occurs when the growth rate is proportional to the size of the population |
| logistic growth | occurs when the population’s growth slows or stops following exponential growth, reaching carrying capacity |
| shape of exponential growth | J shaped |
| shape of logistic growth | S shaped |
| carrying capacity | the maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources in a given area |
| factors limiting growth rates (4) | food supplies, build up of toxic wastes, diseases, predation |
| reproductive strategies | number of births per reproductive cycle, age reproduction begins, life span of the organism |
| r-strategies (5) | short life span, reproduce quickly, many offspring, little parental care, small in size |
| k-strategies (5) | long life span, reproduce slowly, few offspring, involved parents, larger in size |
| r-strategy organisms | insects, bacteria, rodents, weeds |
| k-strategy organisms | apes, elephants, large cats |
| demography | statistical study of populations and predictions of how populations will change |
| population growth rate percent (PGR) | birth rate - death rate + migration rate divided by 10 |
| zero population growth | occurs when birth + immigration equals death + emigration |
| age structure | number of males and females in each of 3 groups |
| 3 age groups of age structure (3) | pre-reproductive stage, reproductive stage, post-reproductive stage |
| demographic transition | change in population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates |
| booms and bust | cyclical pattern of increase and/or decrease in populations of predator and prey |
| environmental resistance | factors that limit the size of a population |
| developing country | a country has is still trying to develop basic technologies, such as running water, food, shelter and established medical resources |
| developed country | a country that has all the basic technologies plus more advanced technologies, such as advanced medical resources, quality food and shelter resources |
Created by:
rajeckit
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