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7th Grade Chapter 3
Cell Processes and Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| compound | two or more elements that are chemically combined |
| proteins | a large molecule made up of smaller units called amino acids |
| enzyme | speed up chemical reactions |
| diffusion | the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| organic compounds | contain carbon |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| photosynthesis | the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food |
| chlorophyll | captures energy from sunlight during photosynthesis |
| respiration | glucose is broken down, releasing energy |
| fermentation | the energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen |
| cell cycle | the regular cycle of growth and division that cells undergo |
| mitosis | the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
| cytokinesis | the stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis when two new daughter cells are formed |
| replication | during interphase, the cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus |
| rung of DNA ladder | made of a pair of nitrogen bases |
| DNA molecule | shaped like a spiral staircase |
| chromatids | identical strands of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the stage of the cell cycle that follows mitosis |
| photosynthesis and respiration are | opposite equations |
| during photosynthesis | the cell uses the energy in sunlight to make food |
| the stage of the cell cycle where replication occurs is | interphase |
| lactic-acid fermentation most likely occurs after | a very fast run |
| two new nuclei form around | the chromatids during mitosis |
| alcoholic fermentation occurs in | yeast |
| the products of photosynthesis are | oxygen and sugars |
| water is important for a cell because | most chemical reactions in cells require water |
| photosynthesis benefit heterotrophs because | it creates food that they can eat |
| respiration and photosynthesis keep the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere | fairly constant |
| the stage of respiration that releases most of the energy in glucose occurs in the | mitochondria |
| during DNA replication, adenine (A) always pairs with | thymine (t) |
Created by:
Mrs. Gordon
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