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09 CAC Cardiology
Chapter 29a The Paramedic William Chapleau
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 layers of the blood vessel. | Tunica intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia. |
| Frank-Starling mechanism. | The more a cardiac muscle is stretched , the harder it will contract. |
| Action Potential | Relationship between electrolytes (Sodium,Potassium,Calcium) |
| Action Potential change in electrolytes. | Sodium moves IN, Potassium moves OUT, Calcium moves IN. |
| Portion of heart Right Coronary perfuses. | Right Heart |
| Portion of heart Left Coronary perfuses. | Left lateral wall and posterior portion of heart. |
| Location of Pressoreceptor and Chemoreceptors. | Aortic Arch & Carotid Sinus of Carotid Arteries. |
| Sino-Atrial Node | Located in right atrium. Intrinsic rate of 60-100. |
| Atrio-Ventricular Node | Located in right atrium. Causes brief delay in impulse conduction so atria has time to contract and fill ventricles. Perfusion from right coronary. |
| Bundle of His | Located in intraventricular septum. Intrinsic rate of 40-60. |
| Bundle Branches | 1 on right side. 2-3 on left side. |
| Purkinje Fibers | Last Pacemaker, Deep fiber network, intrinsic rate or 15-40. |
| Types of 3 leads | Limb Leads, Augmented Leads, Precordial Leads. |
| Limb Leads | Bipolar leads that represent the frontal plane activity. |
| Augmented Leads | (AVL,AVR,AVF) Unipolar leads that allow for increased amplitude by 50% over limb leads. |
| Precordial Leads | (V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6) Unipolar leads that look at horizontal plane of left ventricular. |
| Dr. Einthovens theory | Left Arm is + or - , Right Arm is - , Left Leg is + , |
| P Wave | (Atrial Depolarization) 2.5mm in height less then .08 seconds |
| PR Interval | (Conduction of impulses from Sinus through Atria through AV Junction) .12 - .20 seconds. |
| QRS | (Ventricular Depolarization) .10 seconds or less. |
| First negative deflection from baseline before R Wave | Q Wave |
| First positive Deflection, following Q if present. | R Wave |
| Negative deflection following R Wave | S Wave |
| ST Segment | (Begining of Ventricular Repolarization) ST Segments elevated 1mm or more suspect for ventricular ischemia or injury. |
| T Wave | (Ventricular Repolarization) |
| QT Interval | (Total ventricular depolarization & repolarization) .40-.44 seconds. Prolonged QT can indicate potential life threatening dysrhythmias. |
| Small ECG Square | .04 seconds , 1 mm |
| Large ECG Square | .20 seconds , 5 mm |
| How many seconds in 15 Large Squares? | 3 seconds |
| Ability to initiate an electrical impulse with out nervous system stimulation? | Automaticity |
| Ability to recieve & respond to an electrical impulse? | Excitability |
| Ability to contract when stimulated? | Contractility |
| Strength of cardiac contraction? | Inotropic |
| Influence on HR + chrontropic effect speed up HR | Chronotropic |
| Pressure from flow of blood into Atria | Preload |
| Movement of blood into ventricles w atria contraction | Atrial Kick |
Created by:
SullenFF
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