Chapter 29a The Paramedic William Chapleau
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| 3 layers of the blood vessel. | Tunica intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Adventitia.
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| Frank-Starling mechanism. | The more a cardiac muscle is stretched , the harder it will contract.
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| Action Potential | Relationship between electrolytes (Sodium,Potassium,Calcium)
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| Action Potential change in electrolytes. | Sodium moves IN, Potassium moves OUT, Calcium moves IN.
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| Portion of heart Right Coronary perfuses. | Right Heart
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| Portion of heart Left Coronary perfuses. | Left lateral wall and posterior portion of heart.
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| Location of Pressoreceptor and Chemoreceptors. | Aortic Arch & Carotid Sinus of Carotid Arteries.
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| Sino-Atrial Node | Located in right atrium. Intrinsic rate of 60-100.
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| Atrio-Ventricular Node | Located in right atrium. Causes brief delay in impulse conduction so atria has time to contract and fill ventricles. Perfusion from right coronary.
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| Bundle of His | Located in intraventricular septum. Intrinsic rate of 40-60.
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| Bundle Branches | 1 on right side. 2-3 on left side.
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| Purkinje Fibers | Last Pacemaker, Deep fiber network, intrinsic rate or 15-40.
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| Types of 3 leads | Limb Leads, Augmented Leads, Precordial Leads.
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| Limb Leads | Bipolar leads that represent the frontal plane activity.
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| Augmented Leads | (AVL,AVR,AVF) Unipolar leads that allow for increased amplitude by 50% over limb leads.
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| Precordial Leads | (V1,V2,V3,V4,V5,V6) Unipolar leads that look at horizontal plane of left ventricular.
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| Dr. Einthovens theory | Left Arm is + or - , Right Arm is - , Left Leg is + ,
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| P Wave | (Atrial Depolarization) 2.5mm in height less then .08 seconds
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| PR Interval | (Conduction of impulses from Sinus through Atria through AV Junction) .12 - .20 seconds.
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| QRS | (Ventricular Depolarization) .10 seconds or less.
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| First negative deflection from baseline before R Wave | Q Wave
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| First positive Deflection, following Q if present. | R Wave
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| Negative deflection following R Wave | S Wave
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| ST Segment | (Begining of Ventricular Repolarization) ST Segments elevated 1mm or more suspect for ventricular ischemia or injury.
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| T Wave | (Ventricular Repolarization)
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| QT Interval | (Total ventricular depolarization & repolarization) .40-.44 seconds. Prolonged QT can indicate potential life threatening dysrhythmias.
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| Small ECG Square | .04 seconds , 1 mm
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| Large ECG Square | .20 seconds , 5 mm
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| How many seconds in 15 Large Squares? | 3 seconds
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| Ability to initiate an electrical impulse with out nervous system stimulation? | Automaticity
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| Ability to recieve & respond to an electrical impulse? | Excitability
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| Ability to contract when stimulated? | Contractility
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| Strength of cardiac contraction? | Inotropic
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| Influence on HR + chrontropic effect speed up HR | Chronotropic
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| Pressure from flow of blood into Atria | Preload
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| Movement of blood into ventricles w atria contraction | Atrial Kick
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