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Biology Ch. 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Cell Division | Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells |
Asexual Reproduction | Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent |
Sexual Reproduction | Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism. |
Chromosome | Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes, chromosomes are found in the nucleus; in prokaryotes, they are found in the cytoplasm. |
Chromatin | Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones. |
Cell Cycle | Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells |
Interphase | period of the cell cycle between cell divisions. |
Mitosis | Part of the eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides. |
Cytokinesis | Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. |
Prophase | first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become viable. |
Centromere | Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach. |
Chromatid | one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicate chromosome. |
Centriole | Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division. |
Metaphase | Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. |
Anaphase | Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. |
Telophase | Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin. |
Cyclin | one of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells. |
Growth Factor | One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells |
Apoptosis | Process of programmed cell death. |
Cancer | disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth. |
Tumor | Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue. |
Embryo | developing stage of a multicellular organism |
Differentiation | Process in which cells become specialized in structure and function |
Totipotent | Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta) |
Blastocyst | stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells |
Pluripotent | Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body's cell types. |
Stem Cell | Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells. |
Multipotent | Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells. |