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Terms for Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical properties of that element |
| Element | A substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; have same atomic # |
| Compund | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. |
| Ion | An atom, radical, or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons and has a positive or negative charge. |
| Ionic Bond | The attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
| Covalent Bond | Chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
| Molecule | |
| Hydrogen Bond | |
| Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance. |
| Adhesion | Attraction between molecules of different substances. |
| Solution | |
| Solvent | |
| Solute | |
| Acid | Compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution. |
| Base | Compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in solution. |
| pH | |
| Monomer | |
| Polymer | |
| Carbohydrate | Molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches. |
| Lipid | |
| Fatty Acid | |
| Portein | |
| Amino Acid | Molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur. |
| Nucleic Acid | |
| Chemical Reaction | Process by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds. |
| Reactant | |
| Product | |
| Bond Energy | Amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms. |
| Equilibrium | |
| Activation Energy | Energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction. |
| Exothermic | |
| Endothermic | Chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy. |
| Catalyst | Substance that decreases activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction. |
| Enzyme | Protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| Substrate |