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biology
Mrs. Whittington
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ionic bond | electrons are transferred to each other |
| covalent bond | atoms share an electron |
| element | pure substance made of one type of atom |
| ions | atoms that have gained or lost electron (gain=negative charge, lose=positive). |
| cohesion | an attraction of molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction of molecules of diff substances |
| chemical reactions | process of breaking chemical bonds into different substances EX: photosynthesis |
| enzymes can cause strawberries to rot because they are a what | a catalyst that speeds up reactions in living things |
| an enzyme is a type of protein that breaks down materials.. white blood cells that have lysosomes... usually ends in "ase" (sugar)....lower activation energy...energy required to start a reaction. | |
| enzymes | have a specific shape for a specific substrate- something that needs to be broken down |
| the spot where a substrate connects with the enzyme is called the active site | |
| temperature and ph can affect the productivity of the enzyme by changing the shape of the active site. This is called.... | denaturalization |
| carbohydrates are made of... | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (structures area is ring shaped) its function is for the body to break down for energy. |
| lipids are made of... | carbon,hydrogen, and oxygen (ex:oils,fats,waxes) -> chain structure -> function is to store energy and absorb minerals. |
| the head of a lipid is what | hydrophilic |
| the tail of the lipid is what | hydrophobic |
| proteins are made of what | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (ex: enzymes, keratin -> function is to perform cell functions -> monomer-made -> made of amino acids. |
| monomer | a molecule that can be bonded with other identical molecules to form a polymer |
| nucleic acids made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphate (ex: DNA RNA) -> monomer-> nucleotide -> sugar phosphate nitrogen base - function is genetic code |
| ATP | usable form of energy/ made during cellular respiration in mitochondria |
| energy is released when bond of.... | 2nd and 3rd phosphate is broken. |
| cell membrane also called a plasma membrane does what | regulates what goes in/out of a cell selectively permeable lipid bi-layer ( what it's made of) and helps cell maintain homeostasis |
| passive transport does what | moves materials across cell membrane from high to low concentration |
| Simple diffusion- | smaller particles can easily pass through |
| facilitates diffusion | movement of particles to help w help from protein channels. (osmosis- diffusion across cell membrane using aquaporins) |
| Water has a hard time passing through bc of hydrophobic tails. | |
| isotonic (solution) | same strength |
| hypertonic | above strength (high concentration) |
| hypotontic | below strength (low) |
| active transport | movement of particles from low concentration to high using energy (atp) |
| molecular transport | uses protein pumps to move particles across cell membrane (sodium, potassium) -pump changes shape when contacted with energy |
| bulk transport | movement of large particles |
| endocytosis | moving material into cell |
| phagocytosis | particle is engulfed (WBC) |
| pinocytosis | particle is pinched off into vesicle |
Created by:
Marissa Holloway
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