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The Cell Continued
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Differences between animal and plant cells | cell walll, chloroplast and large vacuole |
prokaryotic cells? | have no membrane bound organelles and no nucleus i.e. bacteria |
Eukaryotic cells? | have membrane bound organelles and have a nucleus |
what is tissue culture? | the growth of tissues in or on an artificial medium outside the organism |
what is artifical medium? | a substance that contains all the nutrients necessary for growth of bacteria and fungi i.e. agar |
in vitro | outside the body (IVF) |
in vivo | inside the body |
what is tissue culture used for? | cancer research, growth of skin graphs |
a cell | basic unit of a living thing e.g. muscle cell |
tissue? | a group of similar cells with the same function e.g. muscle tissue |
function of dermal tissue | to protect |
function of ground tissue | storage |
function of vascular tissue | transport |
function of meristem tissue | growth |
function of muscle tissue | to contract |
adaptions for contractions? | elastic -> tapered cells can lenghten and shorten and more mitrochondria in each cell = more respiration= more energy |
what is an organ? | a group of different tissues working together to carry out a function e.g. heart |
what is an organ system? | a number of organs working together to carry out a particular function e.g. circulatory system |
what are haploid cells? | 1 set of chromosomes..n=23 (egg and sperm) |
what are diploid cells? | 2 sets of chromosomes...2n= 46 (every other cell) |
the 2 stages of cell cycle? | interphase and mitosis |
what is interphase? | this is when DNA is replicated and the cell increases in size and the chromosome number doubles |
What are the 4 stages of mitosis | Prophase, metaphase , anaphase and telephase |
what is mitosis? | is the nuclear division of a parent cell into 2 identical daughter nuclei |
in telephase what happens to the plant cells? | clevage furrow forms |
what happens in plant cells in telephase? | cell plate turns into cell wall |
what is the result of mitosis? | 2 identical daughter nuclei are formed and number of chromosomes stays the same |
what is the function of mitosis in single cells | is used for reproduction |
what is the function of mitosis in multicellular organisms? | growth |
where does mitosis happen in plants | meristem |
where does mitosis happen in animals | growing parts |
what is meiosis? | is the nuclear division of a parent cell into 4 unidentical daughter nuclear |
what is the result of meiosis? | chromosome number is halved, produce 4 daughter nuclei, daughter nuclei are genetically different |
function of meiosis? | makes a haploid cell for reproduction, genetic variation |
where does meiosis happen in animals? | ovary and testis |
where does meiosis happen in plants? | anther and ovule |
what is cancer? | the uncontrolled division of cells |
what is cancer caused by? | UV radiation, smoking and asbestos |