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Biology Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| atom (2.1) | smallest basic unit of matter |
| element (2.1) | substance made of only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by any chemical means |
| compound (2.1) | substance made of atoms of different elements that are bonded together in a particular ratio |
| ion (2.1) | atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| ionic bond (2.1) | chemical bond formed between the electrical force between oppositely charged atoms |
| covalent bond (2.1) | chemical bond formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons |
| molecule (2.1) | two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds; not necessarily a compound |
| hydrogen bond (2.2) | attractive between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom |
| cohesion (2.2) | attraction between molecules and the same substance |
| adhesion (2.2) | attraction between molecules and different substances |
| solution (2.2) | mixture that is consistent throughout; also called a homogeneous mixture |
| solvent (2.2) | substance in which solutes dissolve and are present in greatest concentration in a solution |
| solute (2.2) | substance that dissolves in a solvent and is present at a lower concentration than a solvent |
| acid (2.2) | compound that donates a proton (H') when dissolved in a solution |
| base (2.2) | compound that accepts a proton (H') when dissolved in a solution |
| pH (2.2) | measurement of acidity; related to free hydrogen ion concentration in solution |
| monomer (2.3) | molecule sub unit of a polymer |
| polymer (2.3) | large, carbon-based molecule formed by monomers |
| carbohydrate (2.3) | molecule composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes sugars and starches |
| lipid (2.3) | non polar molecule composed of carbon hydrogen, and oxygen; includes fats and oils |
| fatty acid (2.3) | hydrocarbon chain also bonded to glycerol in a liquid |
| protein (2.3) | polymer composed of amino acid formed by peptide bonds; folds into a particular structure depending on bonds between amino acids |
| amino acid (2.3) | molecule that makes up proteins; composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur |
| nucleic acid (2.3) | molecule of nucleotide; the genetic material of organisms |
| chemical reaction (2.4) | processes by which substances change into different substances through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds |
| reactant (2.4) | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction |
| product (2.4) | substance formed by a chemical reaction |
| bond energy (2.4) | amount of energy needed to break a bond between two particular atoms; or the amount of energy released when a bond forms between two particular atoms |
| equilibrium (2.4) | conditions in which reactants and products of a chemical reaction are formed at the same rate |
| activation energy (2.4) | energy input necessary to initiate a chemical reaction |
| exothermic (2.4) | chemical reaction that yields a net release of energy in the form of heat |
| endothermic (2.4) | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| catalyst (2.5) | substance that decrease activation energy and increases reaction rate in a chemical reaction |
| enzyme (2.5) | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| substrate (2.5) | reactant in a chemical reaction upon which an enzyme acts |
Created by:
ShullM22
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