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Fund of Scanning
Vocabulary for Test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| sound waves | propagation of energy which vibrates at a steady rate generated over a period of time; cyclic |
| sound propagation | the movement of sound through matter/tissue causing vibrations |
| frequency | the number of cycles per second; measured in hertz |
| hertz | a unit of frequency |
| doppler effect | an increase (or decrease) in the frequency of sound, light, or other waves as the source and observer move toward (or away from) each other |
| continuous wave transducer | has 2 separate elements/crystals; one for sending & one for receiving echo info |
| ultrasound doppler | detects & measures blood flow |
| pulsed wave transducer | has one element/crystal that sends & receives echo info; sends out bursts of sound |
| attenuation | a reduction in amplitude (strength) & intensity (power) of a sound wave as it travels through the body |
| resolution | the minimum reflector separation required to produce 2 separate echoes for good imaging |
| artifact | caused when sound travels differently than US machine assumes it will |
| shadowing | dark echo information posterior to a strong reflector |
| clean shadow | often caused by bone or stones (kidney/gall stones) |
| dirty shadow | caused by bowel gas which scatters the sound wave |
| posterior enhancement | bright echo information posterior to a fluid-filled structure (bladder or cyst) |
| mirror image | the sound wave is reflected downward past a strong reflector then directed back to the machine |
| reverberation | appears as evenly spaced lines caused by the sound wave bouncing between multiple structures |
| refraction | the lateral displacement of a structure due to a strong reflector |
| bioeffects | harmful effects that sound may have on tissue after prolonged exposure |
| cavitation | the formation of gas bubbles in tissues that occurs when sound passes through them |
| amplitude | the distance from the center line to either the peak or trough of a sound wave |
| wavelength | the distance from any point on a sound wave to the identical point on the next sound wave |
| scan plane | indicates the direction at which the sound beam enters the body in relation to the anatomy being viewed |
| midsagittal | divides the body into equal right & left halves |
| sagittal/longitudinal | divides the body into unequal right & left sides |
| transverse | divides the body into unequal superior & inferior portions |
| coronal | divides the body into unequal anterior & posterior portions |
| perpendicular approach | holding the transducer vertically; used for biopsies & measuring amniotic fluid |
| subcostal approach | angling the transducer under the ribs; used to view heart & liver |
| intercostal approach | holding the transducer between the ribs; used to view heart, liver, spleen |
| angled approach | angling the transducer while kept in place |
| rotated approach | turning the transducer |
| twisting | rotating the transducer to open the image (to the lie of the organ) |
| rocking | moving the transducer along the axis of the face |
| sliding | moving the entire transducer along the body surface |
| sweeping/tilting | moving the transducer from side to side to find a structure |
| approach | what area the transducer is touching on patient (anterior, posterior, left or right lateral) |
| propagation speed of sound in soft tissue | 1540 m/s |
| sound cannot propagate through a: | vacuum |
| Valsalva maneuver | a breathing technique which increases intrathoracic pressure & decreases venous supply to the heart |
Created by:
ginaliane
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