Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Digestive System
A&P II Gwinnett Technical College
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| accessory digestive organs | food does not pass through these organs (ex. liver, pancreas, gall bladder) |
| acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin | three chemicals that act on the parietal cell to increase acid production |
| acinus | exocrine cells arranged in a sac-like structure |
| adventitia | outermost connective tissue later found on organs outside the peritoneal cavity |
| amino acids | form proteins are in when they are absorbed in the intestines |
| ampulla of Vater | anatomical structure formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and common bile duct prior to entrance into the duodenum |
| amylase | chemical digestion in mouth (starch) |
| amylase | enzyme made by parotid gland |
| amylase, lysozyme, ions, water, mucus | five components of saliva |
| bicarbonate | chemical made by the pancreas to neutralize stomach acid |
| bile | fluid that emulsifies fats (breaking into smaller fat droplets) |
| bile salts | part of bile that emulsifies fats |
| bilirubin | part of bile that comes from hemoglobin |
| bolus | ball of food that if formed in the mouth prior to deglutition |
| Brunner's gland | structure that makes mucus - located in the duodenal submucosa |
| brush border enzymes | small intestine enzymes that include disaccharidases and dipeptidases located in the membrane of microvilli |
| cardia | part of the stomach around opening to the esophagus |
| cholecystokinin | hormone that causes gall bladder contraction, secretion of pancreatic juice high in enzymes , feeling of fullness, shut down of stomach secretion |
| chylomicron | lipoprotein made by the small intestinal epithelial cell that travels in the lymph |
| chylomicron, LDL, HDL | three lipoproteins |
| common hepatic duct | bile duct formed by merging of right and left hepatic ducts |
| crown | part of the tooth above the gum |
| Crypt of Lieberkuehn | deep crevice between two villi in the small intestine |
| cystic duct | bile passageway between common hepatic duct and the gall bladder |
| deglutition | swallowing |
| diaphragmatic hernia | a condition when portion of the stomach develops in the thoracic cavity - present in newborns |
| diffusion | process by which fats are absorbed in the small intestine |
| duodenum, jejunum, ileum | three parts of the small intestine |
| enteroendocrine cell | epithelial cells in the stomach and intestines that make hormones |
| enterokinase | enzyme that activated trypsinogen |
| epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa | three parts of the mucosa of GI organs |
| facilitated diffusion | process by which water-soluble amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the small intestine |
| falciform ligament | form of peritoneum that connects the liver and the diaphragm |
| fatty acids and monoglycerides | form triglycerides are in when they are absorbed in the small intestine |
| flatus | gas |
| G-cell | cell that makes gastrin (enteroendocrine cell of the stomach) |
| gastrin | hormone made by G-cells that increases acid production by the stomach |
| gingiva | gum |
| greater omentum | fold of peritoneum that hangs from the stomach over the abdominal organs (fatty apron) |
| haustra | puckers of the large intestine due to the taeniae coli |
| HCl and intrinsic factor | products of parietal cells |
| hepatic artery | artery that brings oxygenated blood to the liver |
| hepatic portal vein | blood vessel that brings nutrients from the intestines to the liver before they reach the general circulation |
| hiatal hernia | a condition when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm into the thoracic cavity |
| hydrolysis | adding water to break a bond |
| ileocecal valve | valve located between the small and large intestines |
| inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle | two laters of muscularis externa |
| intraperitoneal | an organ that is surrounded on all sides by peritoneum |
| jaundice | elevated bilirubin in the blood |
| jejunum | site of most nutrient absorption |
| jejunum, ileum | parts of the small intestine that are entirely intraperitoneal |
| Kupffer cells | cells found in sinusoids of the liver |
| labia | lip |
| lacteal | lymph vessel present in the villus of the small intestine |
| lesser omentum | fold of peritoneum that connects the liver and the stomach |
| lipase | pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fats |
| make insulin (and glucagon) | purpose of the iselt of Langerhans |
| mastication | chewing |
| maxillae and palatine | bones that make up the hard palate |
| mesentery proper | fold of peritoneum that connects the small intestine to the posterior wall |
| mesocolon | fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon with the abdominal wall |
| microvilli | extensions of the cell membrane on the small intestinal epithelial cell |
| molar | type of tooth for grinding food |
| monosaccharides | form carbohydrates are in when absorbed in the intestine |
| mucus acinus | type of acinus makes thick secretion high in mucus |
| oropharynx and laryngopharynx | parts of the pharynx for both food and air |
| pancreas, parotid gland | glands that contain almost entirely serous acini |
| pancreatic amylase | pancreatic enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates |
| Paneth cell | cell in intestine that makes lysozyme (antibacterial) |
| parasympathetic nervous system | part of the ANS that causes defecation |
| pepsin (protein) | chemical digestion in stomach |
| pepsinogen | product of chief cell |
| periodontal ligament | structure that connects tooth to bone in a gomphosis |
| peristalsis | contraction of circular and longitudinal muscles throughout the digestive tract to move food forward |
| Peyer's Patch | large lymphatic tissue nodules present in the submucosa of the ileum |
| plica circulares | circular folds of the submucosa and mucosa in the small intestine |
| pulp cavity | hollow part of the tooth that contains blood vessels and nerves |
| pyloric valve | valve between the stomach and duodenum |
| retroperitoneal | an organ that has only one side covered by visceral peritoneum (duodenum, kidney, pancreas) |
| root | part of the tooth below the gum |
| rugae | folds of mucosa and submucosa in the stomach |
| secretin | hormone that causes secretion of pancreatic juice high in bicarbonate, shut down of stomach secretion |
| segmentation | random constriction of the circular layer of muscle in the small intestine |
| serosa or visceral peritoneum | most superifical histological layer of an intraperitoneal organ |
| serous acinus | type of acinus that makes watery secretion |
| simple columnar | type of epithelium lining the stomach |
| simple squamous | type of epithelium in visceral peritoneum |
| sinusoid | type of capillary (very leaky) in the liver |
| smooth | type of muscle tissue found in muscularis mucosa |
| some B vitamins and K | vitamins made by bacteria in the GI tract |
| stratified squamous | type of epithelium lining the esophagus |
| sublingual gland | gland that contains almost entirely mucus acini |
| submandibular gland | gland that contains relatively equal amounts of mucus and serous acini |
| sucrase, maltase, lactase | three disaccharidases |
| taeniae coli | longitudinal bands of muscle in the large intestine |
| triad region | histological region between liver lobules that contain bile duct, hepatic artery, and branch of the hepatic portal vein |
| trypsin | enzyme that activates chymotrypsinogen |
| trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypeptidase | three pancreatic zygomens (proenzymes) |
| vagus | nerve involved in cephalic phase of stomach control |
| villi | extensions of the lamina propria in the small intestine to create finger-like extensions |
| vitamin B12 absorption | purpose of intrinsic factor |
| zygomen or proenzyme | inactive form of an enzyme |
Created by:
DJKILL9632
Popular Biology sets