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Intro to Sonography
Lab Tests
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sensitivity | true positive; correctly identifies when someone has a disease |
| specificity | true negative; correctly identifies when someone does NOT have a disease |
| CBC (complete blood count) | looks at RBCs, hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBCs, & platelet counts |
| polycythemia vera | excess red blood cell count |
| anemia | decreased red blood cell count |
| Hct (hematocrit) | packed cell volume; the proportion of blood that's occupied by red blood cells; low count suggests anemia |
| Hgb/Hb (Hemoglobin) | oxygen carrying protein; low count suggests anemia; high count suggest lung disease or excessive bone marrow production |
| WBC (white blood cell count) | high and low counts suggest infection |
| leukocytosis | high WBC count |
| leukopenia | low WBC count |
| Platelet Count | blood clotting |
| Prothrombin | an enzyme produced by the liver that helps blood clot |
| PT (Prothrombin Time) | measures how quickly prothrombin turns to thrombin |
| PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) | measures how long it takes for blood to clot |
| INR (International Normalized Ratio) | test for people on anticoagulants |
| Vitamin K | may be administered before surgery to ensure normal clotting |
| bilirubin | waste product from the breakdown of Hgb in old RBCs |
| jaundice | yellowish tint to sclera & skin caused by liver disease |
| infiltrative liver disease | liver tissue is invaded or replaced by non-hepatic substances |
| ALT (alanine transaminase) | high levels suggest hepatitis, diabetes, CHF, mono, or liver damage |
| AST (aspartate transaminase) | high levels can indicate liver, heart, kidney, brain, or skeletal muscle damage |
| ALP (alkaline phosphatase) | high levels suggest bile duct obstruction or gallstones |
| LDH (lactic acid dehydrogenase) | high levels indicate cell damage in kidneys, heart, brain, liver or skeletal muscle |
| amylase | enzyme in pancreas & saliva to break down starch; high levels suggest pancreatitis, peptic ulcer, cholecystitis |
| lipase | enzyme in pancreas that breaks down fats |
| BUN (blood urea nitrogen) | measures the amount of urea nitrogen remaining in the blood; high levels suggest poor renal function; low levels suggest liver disease |
| creatinine | waste product from muscle breakdown; high levels suggest kidney problems |
| hematuria | blood in urine; may suggest kidney stones or infection |
| glucosuria | glucose in urine; may suggest diabetes |
| nitrituria | nitrites in urine; may suggest a UTI |
| AFP (alpha-fetaprotein serum) | naturally produced in the fetal liver; can be tested during pregnancy for disorders such as Down syndrome or spina bifida |
| Beta hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) | testing is indicated in females with suspected ovarian cancer & males with suspected testicular cancer |
| Quad Screen Test | Checks AFP, hCG, Estriol, & Inhibin A ( a screening test; NOT diagnostic) |
| CA-125 | elevated levels may indicate a benign tumor or possible ovarian cancer |
Created by:
ginaliane
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