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Microbiology Lect 6
Aerobic and Anaerobic Gram Negative Cocci
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describe the generalities of Acinetobacter. | -STRICT ANAEROBE -plump coccobacilli that are normal flora in the oropharynx of a small population (inc. in numbers for hospital patients) -Can survive on moist and dry surfaces for long periods -NOSOCOMIAL PATHOGENS |
| Describe the generalities and virulence factors for the Moraxella genus. What is the most important organism and what does it cause? Where is it found? | -M. catarrhalis -normal flora of the oral pharynx; opportunistic and can become pathogenic -Virulence factors: LPS endotoxin, capsule, pili, BETA LACTAMASE production -Causes: |
| Describe the generalities of Neiserria. What are the two most important species? | -N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis**(extremely fastidious) -STRICT HUMAN PATHOGENS -other species colonize human upper resp. tract and rarely colonize anogenital mucosa -small diplococci "coffee beans" |
| What are the prevalence and virulence rates in N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis? | -N. Gonorrhoeae: very high prevalence, low virulence -N. Meningitidis: low prevalence, high virulence |
| What are the virulence factors for N. Meningitidis and M. Gonorrhoeae? | -LOS (lipooligosaccharide) outer membrane; like LPS -Pili (important in attachment, motility, transfer of genetic info., cause disease) -Outer membrane proteins |
| What are the outer membrane proteins associated with N. Meningitidis and N. Gonorrhoeae? | -I (porin): increases intracellular survival -II (opacity): attach to host cells -III (reduction-modifiable protein): prevents the cidal action of serum |
| Describe the generalities of N. Gonorrhoeae | -capable of intracellular survival (PCR used to diagnose); -asymptomatic women are carriers (men have penile discharge and dysuria; maybe prostatitis); women carriers often have monoarticular arthritis -To dx: need a concentrated urine/urethral sample |
| Describe the generalities of N. Meningitidis. | -encapsulated; can survive intracellularly; endotoxin mediates signs and symptoms -colonize in nasopharynx receptors -children 0-5 y.o. are at risk; as well as immunosuppressed -People can be carriers from days to weeks |
| Describe the generalities and virulence factors of Pasturella multocida. | -gram negative coccobacillus -found in cat and dog mouths/GI tract -zoonotic transmission via bite, scratch, licking of an open wound -Virulence factors: polysaccharide capsule; LPS endotoxin -Very few antibiotics are effective against this organism |
| Describe the generalities of the genus Veillonella | -gram negative anaerobic cocci -normal flora of the mouth, GI tract, and female genital tract -infections are rare in immunocompetant hosts; when suppressed though can cause serious osteomyelitis, meningitis, and endocarditis -Low virulence organism |
| Describe the generalities of Kingella kingae | -small coccobacilli -normal flora of human oropharynx; assoc. with human bites -#1 cause of osteomyelitis in children (vaccine available for kids under 5) -Infections occur in the femur, talus, calcaneus, lower respiratory tract, blood, and heart valve |
Created by:
mlb63
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