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The Cell Chapter 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Smallest Unit of Life | cell (helps to maintain homeostasis) |
| Cell functions | metabolism transportation communication reproduction |
| plasma Membrane | separates cell from everything from outside the cell Interacts with other cells |
| Phospholipid Bilayer | governs interactions with other cells controls passage of material in and out of the cell |
| Cholesterol is important for... | maintaining cell structure |
| ECF | extracellular fluid |
| ICF | intracellular fluid |
| What does NOT use the protein door and uses the phospholipid bilayer instead? | small fats non charged particles |
| What goes through protein channels? | water ions large fat soluble material |
| Integral Proteins | protein channels |
| Peripheral proteins | sit on top of cell marker bilayer to help identify |
| Ligand Gate | responds to chemicals and only opens to certain chemicals/ions |
| Voltage | opens to electrical impulses (things that have a charge) |
| cytoplasm | liquid portion of the cell stores materials chemical reactions occur here |
| organelles | specializes and structures compartmentalizes inside the cell |
| cytoskeleton | helps maintain shape and function |
| mitochondria | powerhouse of the cell makes ATP |
| peroxisomes | breaks down fatty acids makes phospholipids for cell that makes the membrane of all cells in the nervous system |
| ribosome | makes proteins |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum | finishes folding proteins |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum | detoxifies drugs does not have ribosomes stores calcium makes lipids |
| Golgi apparatus | "UPS" store packages proteins and send them off |
| lysosomes | "garbage truck" eats dead cells, organelles, proteins very acidic makes enzyme hydrolase |
| cytoskeleton | gives shape and structure of the cells offers support gives organelles something to anchor to allows cell to move |
| actin filament | thinnest offers support and stretch |
| intermediate filament | medium long and twisted can withstand tension |
| microtubules | extend from centrosome pair of centrioles critical for cellular division |
| microvilli | made of actin finger like projection increases surface area found in the intestinal tract |
| cilia | hairlike moves in coordinated movement |
| flagella | extension of cell allows for whip like movement only found in sperm |
| nucleus | directs cell activities and contains DNA |
| chromatin | long DNA molecule |
| sister chromatids | identical copies of each chromosome |
| selectively permeable | only certain things can go through (phospholipid bilayer) |
| passive transport | requires no energy |
| active transport | requires energy solutes move against concentration gradient |
| 3 ways on determining how a substance is able to move across the plasma membrane by passive or active transport | type of substance plasma membrane permeable to membrane concentration of substance in cytosol and ECF |
| diffusion | movement of solute from high to low until equilibrium is reached |
| single diffusion | cross membrane with no protein channel |
| facilitated diffusion | cross membrane using protein channel |
| osmosis | water moves from low to high concentration gradients |
| isotonic | ECF and cytosol have same concentration of solute |
| hypertonic | solute concentration in ECF is higher than inside the cell |
| hypotonic | solute concentration of ECF is lower that inside the cell |
| sodium-potassium pump | most vital for maintenance of sodium and potassium concentration gradient homeostasis |
| vesicles | membrane packaging for protein |
| endocytosis | receive/bring into cell |
| pinocytosis | take in liquid |
| phagocytosis | take in solid |
| exocytosis | send protein out of the cell |
| solute | what moves across membrane |
| solvent | what cells are moving to and being dissolved |
| concentration gradient | how much solute is on both sides of the cell |
Created by:
A&P122
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